SpaceX提交截至2026年9月30日季度的10-Q：第三季度净利润44.04亿美元，披露Cursor收购及潜在Tesla合并评估
10-Q - SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP (0001181412) (Filer)
SpaceX提交截至2026年9月30日季度的10-Q；节选显示，第三季度收入145.75亿美元、净利润44.04亿美元，去年同期净亏损10.54亿美元。前九个月收入270.83亿美元、净亏损4.13亿美元，经营活动现金净流入130.97亿美元；中期合并财务报表未经审计。
这份10-Q节选呈现了SpaceX截至2026年9月30日的季度及九个月财务表现、分部变化、融资与收购事项，并披露多项诉讼和监管风险；中期报表未经审计。
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2026
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period to
Commission file number: 001-43344
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Texas | 01-0627671 | |||||||||||||
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | |||||||||||||
1 Rocket Road Starbase, Texas | 78521 | |||||||
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||
(310) 363-6000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | ||||||||
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value | SPCX | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC Nasdaq Texas, LLC | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||||
Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | ||||||||
Emerging growth company | ☐ | ||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of October 15, 2026, the registrant had 8,246,541,218 shares of Class A common stock and 5,334,522,491 shares of Class B common stock outstanding.
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.
Form 10-Q for the Quarter Ended September 30, 2026
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on assumptions with respect to management’s future and current expectations, involve certain risks and uncertainties, are not guarantees and apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless an earlier date is specified. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the development and deployment of Starship, including our target recovery and reuse milestones, launch cadence, and the development, timing and impact of operations at additional launch sites; our ability to scale and monetize our SI products, services, and compute infrastructure, including our ability to expand nameplate compute, complete data center buildouts, obtain sufficient power, GPUs, other critical components and related infrastructure, and manage the costs, timing, and operational risks associated therewith; the development, deployment, and performance of next-generation satellites, and the expected impact of such satellites on capacity and service quality; our plans for Starlink Mobile, including our ability to obtain and maintain required regulatory approvals, licenses, and spectrum authorizations; the size and growth of our various existing and future markets; demand for our products and services; our ability to execute our growth strategy and scale our operations efficiently, including through initiatives like Terafab; our ability to solve novel issues and navigate and monetize technologies and environments that have never been accessed or economized before; our ability to design, develop and successfully commercialize new and innovative technologies, products, and services; the amount, nature, and timing of our capital expenditures; our future debt levels, credit ratings, and ability to obtain financing on acceptable terms; projections of our future financial and operating performance, including our future revenue, future nameplate compute, future manufacturing outputs, and anticipated annualized revenue run-rate, and the timing of achieving such metrics; our ability to manage our supply chain to support our operations and growth; our ability to identify, pursue and complete potential combinations, acquisitions and strategic partnerships and to realize anticipated benefits and manage risks associated with those transactions; the evaluation of a potential combination with Tesla, Inc., including whether and when any discussions will continue, any agreement will be reached or any transaction will be consummated; the competitive landscape in the industries in which we operate; the implementation, interpretation, and impact of applicable current or future regulations; our ability to realize benefits, and manage risks of being a public company; volatility in the capital markets and the trading price of our Class A common stock; and general economic conditions. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “would,” “seek,” “predicts” and similar expressions that predict or indicate future events or trends rather than historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those described or implied, including, without limitation, significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory, technological, environmental, political, and other risks, contingencies and uncertainties, which are described in the "Risk Factors" section of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026 and our final prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and in the "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" section of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as other risks, contingencies, or uncertainties that are otherwise described or updated from time to time in our other filings with the SEC. The discussion of such risks is not an indication that any such risks have occurred at the time of this filing. In addition, new risks emerge from time to time, some risks are inherently unknown to us, and it is not possible for our management to predict all such risks. Except as required by law, we disclaim any intent to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
3
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in millions, except per share data)
(unaudited)
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 51,294 | 24,747 | ||||||||||||
| Marketable securities | 38,561 | — | ||||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $67 and $39 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively | 4,772 | 1,579 | ||||||||||||
| Inventory | 2,891 | 2,416 | ||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 3,457 | 2,210 | ||||||||||||
| Total current assets | 100,975 | 30,952 | ||||||||||||
Property, plant, and equipment, net(a) | 89,483 | 42,602 | ||||||||||||
| Finance lease right-of-use assets | 1,040 | 1,260 | ||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | 6,354 | 1,548 | ||||||||||||
| Digital assets | 1,573 | 1,637 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill | 48,423 | 11,809 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 388 | 141 | ||||||||||||
Other assets (related party of $570 and $10 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively) | 5,809 | 2,130 | ||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 254,045 | $ | 92,079 | ||||||||||
Liabilities, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, and Shareholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | 13,259 | 11,792 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue, current | 10,784 | 6,111 | ||||||||||||
Debt and finance leases, current (related party of $2,181 and $455 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively) | 2,698 | 928 | ||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 5,997 | 2,569 | ||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 32,738 | 21,400 | ||||||||||||
| Long-term liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue, net of current | 6,736 | 6,005 | ||||||||||||
Debt and finance leases, net of current (related party of $10,716 and $4,052 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively) | 36,146 | 21,968 | ||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 1,657 | 1,381 | ||||||||||||
Total liabilities | 77,277 | 50,754 | ||||||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) | ||||||||||||||
| Redeemable convertible preferred stock | ||||||||||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value $0.001; — and 2,351 shares issued; — and 2,046 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively | — | 38,752 | ||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | ||||||||||||||
Preferred stock, par value $0.001; no shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively | — | — | ||||||||||||
Class A common stock, par value $0.001; 8,240 and 2,036 shares issued; 8,240 and 1,952 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively | 8 | 3 | ||||||||||||
Class B common stock, par value $0.001; 5,339 and 644 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively | 5 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Class C common stock, par value $0.001; — and 482 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively | — | 0 | ||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 212,539 | 37,706 | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (37,448) | (37,035) | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 1,664 | 1,898 | ||||||||||||
Total shareholders’ equity | 176,768 | 2,573 | ||||||||||||
Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock, and shareholders’ equity | $ | 254,045 | $ | 92,079 | ||||||||||
__________________
(a)Refer to Note 17 - Related Party Transactions for additional details on related party arrangements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in millions, except per share data)
(unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 14,575 | $ | 5,576 | $ | 27,083 | $ | 13,714 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 5,478 | 2,705 | 11,361 | 6,949 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 4,596 | 2,291 | 11,658 | 5,806 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative | 1,707 | 575 | 3,365 | 1,674 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges (credits) | 3 | 278 | (6) | 472 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment | — | — | — | 29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | 11,784 | 5,849 | 26,378 | 14,930 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | 2,791 | (273) | 705 | (1,216) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense (related party of $351 and $— for the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $864 and $— for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively) | (675) | (514) | (1,968) | (1,372) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 873 | 155 | 1,426 | 370 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net (related party of $561 and $— for the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $561 and $— for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively) | 1,025 | 140 | (937) | 342 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 4,014 | (492) | (774) | (1,876) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | (390) | 562 | (361) | 714 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 4,404 | $ | (1,054) | $ | (413) | $ | (2,590) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders - basic and diluted | $ | 4,404 | $ | (1,054) | $ | (1,084) | $ | (2,590) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share of common stock attributable to common shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.37 | $ | (0.36) | $ | (0.15) | $ | (0.89) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.35 | $ | (0.36) | $ | (0.15) | $ | (0.89) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares used in computing net income (loss) per share of common stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 11,942 | 2,941 | 7,274 | 2,915 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 12,475 | 2,941 | 7,274 | 2,915 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(in millions)
(unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 4,404 | $ | (1,054) | $ | (413) | $ | (2,590) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax | (29) | (3) | (207) | 792 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized losses on marketable securities, net of tax | (26) | — | (27) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | (55) | (3) | (234) | 792 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 4,349 | $ | (1,057) | $ | (647) | $ | (1,798) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
6
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Shareholders’ Equity
(in millions)
(unaudited)
| Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | Common Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2026 | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Total Shareholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at June 30, 2026 | — | $ | — | 13,176 | $ | 13 | $ | 167,344 | $ | (41,852) | $ | 1,719 | $ | 127,224 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | 2,421 | — | — | 2,421 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued, net of tax withholding | — | — | 9 | 0 | 51 | — | — | 51 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer of equity in business combinations | — | — | 394 | 0 | 42,723 | — | — | 42,723 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | 4,404 | — | 4,404 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | (55) | (55) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at September 30, 2026 | — | $ | — | 13,579 | $ | 13 | $ | 212,539 | $ | (37,448) | $ | 1,664 | $ | 176,768 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | Common Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026 | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Total Shareholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at December 31, 2025 | 2,046 | $ | 38,752 | 3,079 | $ | 4 | $ | 37,706 | $ | (37,035) | $ | 1,898 | $ | 2,573 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | 3,991 | — | — | 3,991 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with IPO, net of underwriting commissions and offering costs | — | — | 639 | 1 | 85,674 | — | — | 85,675 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock | 78 | 5,869 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued, net of tax withholding | — | — | 1,381 | 1 | 2,258 | — | — | 2,259 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock pursuant to xAI Merger | (1,987) | (37,476) | 1,424 | 1 | 37,474 | — | — | 37,475 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock pursuant to xAI Merger | — | — | (25) | 0 | (2,413) | — | — | (2,413) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock | (135) | (7,076) | 6,728 | 6 | 7,070 | — | — | 7,076 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common and redeemable convertible preferred stock | (2) | (69) | (41) | 0 | (1,944) | — | — | (1,944) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer of equity in business combinations | — | — | 394 | — | 42,723 | — | — | 42,723 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | (413) | — | (413) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | (234) | (234) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at September 30, 2026 | — | $ | — | 13,579 | $ | 13 | $ | 212,539 | $ | (37,448) | $ | 1,664 | $ | 176,768 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
7
| Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | Common Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Total Shareholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at June 30, 2025 | 1,893 | $ | 25,086 | 3,048 | $ | 4 | $ | 36,959 | $ | (33,634) | $ | 1,888 | $ | 5,217 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | 382 | — | — | 382 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock | 0 | 242 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued, net of tax withholding | — | — | 11 | 0 | 116 | — | — | 116 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | — | — | (18) | 0 | (3) | — | — | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | (1,054) | — | (1,054) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | (3) | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at September 30, 2025 | 1,893 | $ | 25,328 | 3,041 | $ | 4 | $ | 37,454 | $ | (34,688) | $ | 1,885 | $ | 4,655 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | Common Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Total Shareholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at December 31, 2024 | 1,748 | $ | 20,941 | 3,023 | $ | 3 | $ | 35,865 | $ | (32,098) | $ | 1,093 | $ | 4,863 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | 1,150 | — | — | 1,150 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock | 145 | 4,388 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued, net of tax withholding | — | — | 62 | 1 | 922 | — | — | 923 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock | 0 | (1) | 2 | 0 | 1 | — | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | — | — | (47) | 0 | (523) | — | — | (523) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer of equity in business combination | — | — | 1 | 0 | 39 | — | — | 39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | (2,590) | — | (2,590) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | — | — | 792 | 792 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at September 30, 2025 | 1,893 | $ | 25,328 | 3,041 | $ | 4 | $ | 37,454 | $ | (34,688) | $ | 1,885 | $ | 4,655 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
8
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in millions)
(unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (413) | $ | (2,590) | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 8,934 | 4,784 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 3,833 | 1,044 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | (455) | 623 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized (gain) loss on digital assets | 64 | (389) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain on investments in unconsolidated affiliates, net | (532) | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on debt extinguishment | 1,545 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other | (254) | 193 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | (2,882) | (934) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory | (1,381) | (378) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | (1,305) | (427) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | (970) | 668 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 4,922 | 404 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities, net | 1,991 | 1,122 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 13,097 | $ | 4,120 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment (related party of $480 and $285 for September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively) | (48,069) | (13,846) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized interest | (20) | (96) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from product rebates | 1,372 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of marketable securities | (46,834) | (601) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Maturities of marketable securities | 9,158 | 548 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of marketable securities | 77 | 1,173 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for intangible assets | (866) | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash received from acquisition of businesses | 514 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other investing activities, net | 57 | (175) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (84,611) | $ | (12,997) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal repayments on finance leases | (270) | (213) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from debt and other financing obligations | 51,834 | 10,947 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Payment of debt issuance costs | (124) | (66) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Repayments on debt and other financing obligations | (39,845) | (6,014) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Payment of debt extinguishment premium | (1,153) | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of capital stock, net of issuance costs | 8,319 | 5,299 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from employee equity award plans | 368 | 206 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for repurchase of common and redeemable convertible preferred stock | (4,426) | (525) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | (559) | (194) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from IPO, net of underwriting commissions and offering costs | 85,675 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 99,819 | $ | 9,440 | ||||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (43) | 69 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | 28,262 | 632 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of the period | 25,124 | 11,501 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of the period | $ | 53,386 | $ | 12,133 | ||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for the following: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest, net of interest capitalized | $ | 2,078 | $ | 695 | ||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes, net | $ | 66 | $ | 56 | ||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property, plant, and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 11,827 | $ | 3,573 | ||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property, plant, and equipment financed by other financings | $ | 3,921 | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation capitalized in property, plant, and equipment, net | $ | 160 | $ | 114 | ||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of businesses through issuance of shares | $ | 42,723 | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
9
SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(tables in millions, except per share data)
(unaudited)
Note 1 - Nature of Business
Description of Business
Space Exploration Technologies Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, collectively referred to as the “Company” or “SpaceX,” operate three segments – (i) the Space segment designs, manufactures, and launches reusable rockets to provide high cadence, reliable, and affordable access to space at unprecedented scale, (ii) the Connectivity segment operates a worldwide high-speed, low-latency broadband network powered by thousands of Starlink satellites in Low-Earth Orbit, delivering connectivity to millions of consumer, enterprise, and government customers through our Starlink offering, and (iii) the Super Intelligence (“SI”) segment (formerly known as the AI segment) operates a vertically integrated SI platform spanning SI infrastructure solutions for enterprise customers, as well as a frontier LLM Grok, SI-assisted software engineering platform Cursor, and real-time information, entertainment, and free speech platform X for consumer and enterprise customers.
Cursor Merger
On June 16, 2026, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger ("Cursor Merger Agreement") with Anysphere, Inc. ("Cursor") and X67 Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company ("Merger Sub"). On August 14, 2026 ("Closing Date"), the Company completed the merger with Cursor ("Cursor Merger"). Pursuant to the Cursor Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Cursor, with Cursor surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. At the Closing Date, each share of Cursor's common stock and preferred stock outstanding immediately prior to the Closing Date was automatically converted into the right to receive shares of the Company's Class A common stock, plus cash in lieu of fractional shares. The conversion was based on an implied equity value of Cursor of $60 billion and the volume-weighted average closing price (“VWAP”) of the Company's Class A common stock over the seven consecutive trading days immediately preceding the closing of the Cursor Merger (“Exchange Ratio”). The results of operations of Cursor are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the Closing Date and are reported within the SI segment. See Note 20 - Acquisitions for additional details.
Initial Public Offering
In June 2026, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”), in which the Company issued and sold 638.9 million shares of its Class A common stock at a public offering price of $135.00 per share, including the full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, which resulted in net proceeds of $85,675 million after deducting the underwriting commissions and offering costs of $575 million. The underwriting commissions and offering costs are presented in shareholders’ equity as a reduction of the net proceeds received from the IPO.
In connection with the IPO, all outstanding shares of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock automatically converted into shares of the Company’s Class A and Class B common stock. Refer to Note 12 - Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Shareholders’ Equity for additional information.
Stock Split
In May 2026, the Company effected a five-for-one forward stock split of its authorized, issued, and outstanding shares of Class A, Class B, and Class C common stock (“2026 Stock Split”). The conversion rate of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock was proportionately adjusted to factor in the 2026 Stock Split. All share and per share information that relates to dates prior to the 2026 Stock Split has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the 2026 Stock Split for all periods presented.
Common Control Mergers
On February 2, 2026 (“xAI Merger Date”), the Company completed its acquisition of X.AI Holdings Corp. (“xAI”), pursuant to which xAI became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“xAI Merger”). Prior to the xAI Merger, on March 28, 2025, xAI completed its acquisition of X Holdings Corp. (“X”) and SpaceXAI Corp. (formerly known as X.AI Corp.), in which X and SpaceXAI Corp. became wholly-owned subsidiaries of xAI (“X Merger”, and collectively with xAI Merger, “Common Control Mergers”). SpaceXAI Corp. began operations in March 2023 and Twitter, Inc. (“Twitter”) was acquired by Mr. Elon Musk in October 2022. The Common Control Mergers were each effected through a share exchange. Refer to Note 12 - Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Shareholders’ Equity for additional details.
10
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Unaudited Interim Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements, including the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2026, the consolidated statements of operations, the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), the consolidated statements of redeemable convertible preferred stock and shareholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, as well as other information disclosed in the accompanying notes, are unaudited. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. The interim consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the annual consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes.
The interim consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes have been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations for the periods presented. The consolidated results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or for any other future years or interim periods.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Amounts which are subject to significant judgment and use of estimates include revenues recognized over time using the cost-to-cost input method, the determination of valuation allowances associated with deferred tax assets and estimates of tax liabilities, reserves for excess and obsolete inventory, fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations and useful lives of finite-lived intangible assets acquired, fair value of goodwill, useful lives of property, plant, and equipment, the determination of incremental borrowing rate for lease liabilities, litigation and settlement costs, and the valuation and assumptions underlying share-based compensation. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates compared to historical experience and current trends, which forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities. In addition, the Company engages valuation specialists to assist in the valuation of equity instruments and of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
The Company’s total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows, are as follows:
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 51,294 | $ | 24,747 | ||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets | 555 | 182 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash included in other assets | 1,537 | 195 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows | $ | 53,386 | $ | 25,124 | ||||||||||||||||
Significant Accounting Policies
There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies from the annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025 included in the Company’s final prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on June 12, 2026 in connection with the IPO, except as discussed below.
Cloud Services Arrangements
During 2026, the Company’s SI segment entered into revenue arrangements to provide cloud services to customers. The Company accounts for its cloud services arrangements as service contracts with a single performance obligation consisting of a stand-ready promise to provide continuous access to reserved compute capacity, with the transaction price consisting of fixed monthly fees. Revenue is recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits, using a pattern that aligns with phased capacity availability during any ramp period and straight-line recognition for steady-state fees thereafter.
11
Business Combinations
When the Company acquires a business, the purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the fair values of identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill and is assigned to reporting units based on the expected benefit from the business combination. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed may be recorded, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The results of operations of the business acquired are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations from the acquisition date. Acquisition-related expenses are recognized separately from the business combination and are expensed as incurred in Selling, general, and administrative expenses.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements. The ASU improves the guidance in Topic 270 by improving the navigability of the required interim disclosures and clarifying when that guidance is applicable. The amendments also provide additional guidance on what disclosures should be provided in interim reporting periods. The amendments add to Topic 270 a principle that requires entities to disclose events since the end of the last annual reporting period that have a material impact on the entity. The ASU is effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Adoption of this ASU can either be applied prospectively or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of this ASU and does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. The amendments in this update provide a practical expedient permitting an entity to assume that conditions at the balance sheet date remain unchanged over the life of the asset when estimating expected credit losses for current classified accounts receivable and contract assets. The Company adopted this ASU on a prospective basis effective January 1, 2026. While this ASU was adopted, the Company did not elect the practical expedient permitted under this ASU. Therefore, the adoption has no impact on the consolidated financial statements.
Note 3 - Revenue
Revenue disaggregated by products and services is as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Products | $ | 771 | $ | 430 | $ | 1,612 | $ | 1,185 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services | 13,804 | 5,146 | 25,471 | 12,529 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 14,575 | $ | 5,576 | $ | 27,083 | $ | 13,714 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
All products revenue is attributable to the Connectivity segment.
12
Revenue disaggregated by type and segment is as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Launch Services | $ | 1,130 | $ | 1,000 | $ | 2,108 | $ | 2,056 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Launch & Development | 637 | 666 | 1,240 | 1,221 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Space | 1,767 | 1,666 | 3,348 | 3,277 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 3,121 | 1,986 | 7,754 | 5,198 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Enterprise & Government(1) | 2,127 | 1,111 | 5,042 | 2,961 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Connectivity | 5,248 | 3,097 | 12,796 | 8,159 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising | 538 | 454 | 1,248 | 1,323 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SI Solutions & Infrastructure | 7,022 | 359 | 9,691 | 955 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SI | 7,560 | 813 | 10,939 | 2,278 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 14,575 | $ | 5,576 | $ | 27,083 | $ | 13,714 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
___________________
(1) Enterprise & Government revenue includes revenue from Starlink Mobile service offerings.
Deferred revenue
Deferred revenue is recorded when cash payments are received or due, in advance of the Company’s performance. Deferred revenue primarily relates to Space agreements and Connectivity enterprise and government contracts. Total deferred revenue as of December 31, 2025 was $12,116 million, of which $1,287 million and $3,767 million was recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively. Total deferred revenue as of September 30, 2026 was $17,520 million.
Backlog
The Company’s backlog represents the transaction price of performance obligations to customers for which work remains to be performed. The amount of backlog increases with new contracts or additions to existing contracts and decreases as revenue is recognized on existing contracts. Contracts are included in backlog when an enforceable agreement has been reached. Backlog does not include amounts related to performance obligations that are billed and recognized as they are delivered, optional purchases that do not represent material rights and any estimated amounts of variable consideration that are subject to constraint. Backlog totaled $62,959 million as of September 30, 2026, of which $17,520 million was recognized as deferred revenue at September 30, 2026. Approximately 67% is expected to be recognized within one year, and approximately 27% is expected to be recognized between one and three years, with the remaining 6% to be recognized thereafter.
Concentration of risk
Consolidated revenue from significant customers is as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer A | 16.6 | % | 23.9 | % | 17.3 | % | 21.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer B | 34.5 | % | * | 24.2 | % | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
______________
* Customer did not represent more than 10% of consolidated revenue for the period.
Revenue from Customer A relates to all three segments and revenue from Customer B relates to the SI segment. No other customers represented more than 10% of consolidated revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025.
As of September 30, 2026, one customer represented 27.7% of Accounts receivable, net. No customer represented 10% or more of Accounts receivable, net as of December 31, 2025.
13
Note 4 - Inventory
Inventory consists of the following:
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Raw materials | $ | 1,102 | $ | 1,030 | ||||||||||
| Work-in-progress | 887 | 803 | ||||||||||||
| Finished goods | 902 | 583 | ||||||||||||
Inventory | $ | 2,891 | $ | 2,416 | ||||||||||
Note 5 - Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net
Property, plant, and equipment, net consist of the following:
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Servers and networking equipment | $ | 43,206 | $ | 22,694 | ||||||||||
| Satellites | 14,738 | 11,949 | ||||||||||||
| Machinery and equipment | 11,014 | 6,343 | ||||||||||||
| Data center infrastructure | 6,333 | 2,960 | ||||||||||||
| Launch sites | 3,175 | 2,404 | ||||||||||||
Land, buildings, and improvements(1) | 5,167 | 1,876 | ||||||||||||
| Flight vehicle hardware | 1,625 | 1,689 | ||||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | 1,002 | 784 | ||||||||||||
| Construction-in-progress | 23,745 | 4,604 | ||||||||||||
| Property, plant, and equipment | 110,005 | 55,303 | ||||||||||||
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | (20,522) | (12,701) | ||||||||||||
Property, plant, and equipment, net | $ | 89,483 | $ | 42,602 | ||||||||||
__________________
(1)Land is not a depreciable asset.
Construction in progress is primarily comprised of servers and networking equipment as well as data center infrastructure that has not yet been placed in service.
Depreciation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 was $3,351 million and $8,415 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $1,595 million and $4,142 million, respectively.
Interest is capitalized during the construction period for significant long term construction projects, such as the SI infrastructure data centers and launch facilities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company capitalized $119 million and $139 million of interest, respectively, which is included in Construction-in-progress amounts above. $74 million and $96 million of interest was capitalized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.
14
Note 6 - Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Intangible Assets
Finite-lived intangible assets consist of the following:
| September 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-Average Useful Life (years) | Gross Carrying Value | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Existing technology | 4.0 | $ | 4,459 | $ | (167) | $ | 4,292 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | 4.5 | 1,441 | (605) | 836 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| User base | 9.0 | 1,270 | (554) | 716 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brand | 4.6 | 932 | (449) | 483 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired workforce | 2.0 | 12 | (6) | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 8,114 | $ | (1,781) | $ | 6,333 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-Average Useful Life (in years) | Gross Carrying Value | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Existing technology | 3.2 | $ | 27 | $ | (16) | $ | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | 5.0 | 752 | (478) | 274 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| User base | 9.0 | 1,291 | (456) | 835 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brand | 5.0 | 743 | (335) | 408 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired workforce | 2.0 | 9 | — | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 2,822 | $ | (1,285) | $ | 1,537 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization expense associated with finite-lived intangible assets was $293 million and $519 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, and $219 million and $642 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.
The Company also has indefinite-lived intangible assets of $21 million and $11 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of trade names and domain names, which are expected to provide long-term branding and marketing benefits.
Spectrum Transactions
On September 7, 2025, the Company entered into a License Purchase Agreement (the “Spectrum License Purchase Agreement”) with Spectrum Business Trust 2025-1, a Nevada Business Trust (“Trust”) and EchoStar Corporation (“EchoStar”) for the purchase of EchoStar’s licenses related to 50 MHz of spectrum (the “AWS-4 and H-Block Licenses” and the transactions contemplated thereby, “Spectrum Transaction”). On November 5, 2025, the parties amended and restated the Spectrum License Purchase Agreement to include EchoStar’s licenses for up to 15 MHz of additional unpaired AWS-3 spectrum (together with the AWS-4 and H-Block Licenses, the “Spectrum Licenses”). The Spectrum License Purchase Agreement provides that the transfer of the Spectrum Licenses occurs in two steps: first, the transfer of the Spectrum Licenses by EchoStar to the Trust (the “Spectrum Transfer Closing”), and second, the transfer of the Spectrum Licenses by the Trust to the Company (the “Spectrum Acquisition Closing”). In connection with the Spectrum License Purchase Agreement, the Company and the Trust entered into a credit agreement (the “Spectrum Credit Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company has agreed upon the Spectrum Transfer Closing, to make payments to the Trust (via loans which are contemplated to be forgiven at six-month intervals), for the Trust to make payments on EchoStar’s debt (interest only) through at least November 30, 2027, but in no event later than November 30, 2028. Although these payments are structured as loans from the Company, as a lender, to the Trust, as a creditor, there is no expectation of repayment as the loan payments are forgiven and are accounted for as additional consideration for the acquisition of the Spectrum Licenses.
The Spectrum Transaction was approved by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) on May 12, 2026, and the Spectrum Transfer Closing occurred on May 22, 2026. On that date, the Spectrum Licenses were transferred to the Trust, where they will remain until the Spectrum Acquisition Closing. Concurrently, the Company has made contractual payments under the Spectrum Credit Agreement to the Trust of $856 million as of September 30, 2026, which is recognized as prepaid assets in Other assets until the Spectrum Acquisition Closing, at which point they will be recognized as intangible assets. Only contractual amounts paid to the Trust
15
are recognized as prepaid assets, which represent the Company’s present right to an economic benefit for the portion of the Spectrum Licenses for which cash is transferred.
Goodwill
The activity for goodwill is as follows:
| Balance at December 31, 2025 | $ | 11,809 | ||||||
| Business combinations | 36,807 | |||||||
| Cumulative translation adjustments | (193) | |||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2026 | $ | 48,423 | ||||||
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, goodwill attributable to the Connectivity segment was $515 million and $513 million, respectively, and goodwill attributable to the SI segment was $47,908 million and $11,296 million, respectively.
Note 7 - Financial Instruments
The Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of the following:
| September 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level | Cost | Unrealized Gain | Unrealized Loss | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | I | $ | 26,058 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 26,058 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | I | 21,635 | — | — | 21,635 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government securities | I | 3,601 | — | — | 3,601 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketable securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government securities | II | 38,508 | — | (21) | 38,487 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | II | 74 | — | — | 74 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | I | 521 | — | — | 521 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash in money market funds | I | 34 | — | — | 34 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | I | 1,393 | — | — | 1,393 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash in money market funds | I | 145 | — | (1) | 144 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term government securities | II | 286 | — | (3) | 283 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term corporate debt securities | II | 14 | — | — | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 92,269 | $ | — | $ | (25) | $ | 92,244 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level | Cost | Unrealized Gain | Unrealized Loss | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | I | $ | 3,408 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,408 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | I | 21,339 | — | — | 21,339 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | I | 30 | — | — | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | I | 152 | — | — | 152 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | I | 182 | — | — | 182 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash in money market funds | I | 13 | — | — | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 25,124 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 25,124 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
16
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company also held 18,712 units of Bitcoin with a cost basis of $661 million and fair value of $1,573 million and $1,637 million, respectively. The fair value of these digital assets is determined using Level I in the fair value hierarchy.
Note 8 - Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company held various equity method investments of $653 million and $101 million, respectively. For its equity method investment in TBC - The Boring Company (“TBC”), the Company elected the fair value option to measure the investment based on observable inputs. In September 2026, TBC completed a new round of financing with its investors. Following this observable price change, the Company’s investment in TBC was measured at fair value with an unrealized gain on investment of $561 million recorded in Other income (expense), net during the three months ended September 30, 2026. Refer to Note 17 - Related Party Transactions for additional details.
Note 9 - Debt
| September 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal | Unamortized Deferred Financing Costs | Net | ||||||||||||||||||
| SpaceX Notes | $ | 25,000 | $ | 145 | $ | 24,855 | ||||||||||||||
| X 2027 and X 2030 Notes | 27 | — | 27 | |||||||||||||||||
Other financings(1) | 12,979 | — | 12,979 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total debt | 38,006 | 145 | 37,861 | |||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease liability | 983 | — | 983 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total debt and finance leases | 38,989 | 145 | 38,844 | |||||||||||||||||
| Less: Short-term portion | 2,698 | — | 2,698 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total debt and finance leases, net of current | $ | 36,291 | $ | 145 | $ | 36,146 | ||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal | Unamortized Deferred Financing Costs | Net | ||||||||||||||||||
| X 2027 and X 2030 Notes | $ | 27 | $ | — | $ | 27 | ||||||||||||||
| X B-1 Term Loan | 6,504 | 280 | 6,224 | |||||||||||||||||
| X B-3 Term Loan | 5,966 | 54 | 5,912 | |||||||||||||||||
| xAI Fixed Rate Term Loan | 995 | 4 | 991 | |||||||||||||||||
| xAI Floating Rate Term Loan | 995 | 40 | 955 | |||||||||||||||||
xAI 12.5% Secured Senior Notes | 3,000 | 12 | 2,988 | |||||||||||||||||
Other financings(1) | 4,562 | — | 4,562 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total debt | 22,049 | 390 | 21,659 | |||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease liability | 1,237 | — | 1,237 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total debt and finance leases | 23,286 | 390 | 22,896 | |||||||||||||||||
| Less: Short-term portion | 928 | — | 928 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total debt and finance leases, net of current | $ | 22,358 | $ | 390 | $ | 21,968 | ||||||||||||||
__________________
(1)Includes obligations related to certain SI infrastructure assets recorded as failed sale-leaseback transactions. Refer to Other Financings below for additional details.
SpaceX Notes
General. In June 2026, SpaceX issued senior unsecured notes in an aggregate principal amount of $25,000 million (“SpaceX Notes”). The SpaceX Notes have five tranches maturing on July 15, 2031, July 15, 2033, July 15, 2036, July 15, 2046, and July 15, 2056 with a weighted-average maturity of 11.7 years. SpaceX Notes are unsecured obligations of the Company and rank equally in right of payment with all existing and future unsubordinated indebtedness, liabilities, and other obligations of the Company.
Proceeds. The proceeds of the SpaceX Notes were used to repay the SpaceX Bridge Loan (as defined and described below) in full and to pay related fees and expenses. The remaining proceeds were used for general corporate purposes.
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Interest Rates. The SpaceX Notes bear annual interest rates between 5.350% and 6.650% with a weighted-average interest rate of 5.855%. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on January 15, 2027. The effective interest rate on the SpaceX Notes was 6.072% as of September 30, 2026.
Principal Repayments. SpaceX Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time and from time to time prior to the applicable Par Call Date, which is defined as a date ranging from one to six months prior to maturity for each tranche. The redemption price of each tranche is equal to the greater of (i) (a) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest thereon discounted to the redemption date (assuming the respective tranche matured on the applicable Par Call Date) on a semi-annual basis at the Treasury Rate plus the applicable spread between 20 and 30 basis points for such tranche less (b) interest accrued and unpaid thereon to the date of redemption, and (ii) 100% of the principal amount of the SpaceX Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to, but excluding, the redemption date. On or after the applicable Par Call Date, SpaceX Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the respective SpaceX Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest.
Covenants. The SpaceX Notes contain customary events of default and affirmative and negative covenants, including restrictions on additional liens in excess of 7.5% of the Company’s consolidated total assets and fundamental changes (which is limited to a merger where the Company is not the surviving entity outside certain jurisdictions). The Company was in compliance with the covenants as of September 30, 2026.
Accounting Treatment. The Company accounted for the repayment of the SpaceX Bridge Loan as an extinguishment of debt, resulting in a loss on extinguishment of $18 million, recorded in Other income (expense), net.
SpaceX Bridge Loan
General. In March 2026, SpaceX entered into a bridge loan credit agreement (the “SpaceX Bridge Loan”) with a syndicate of lenders, providing for an unsecured bridge term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $20,000 million. The SpaceX Bridge Loan was scheduled to mature on September 2, 2027, with two three-month extensions at the Company’s option, subject to the absence of a continuing default and the payment of an extension fee of 0.25% of the aggregate outstanding principal per extension, resulting in a final extended maturity date in March 2028. The SpaceX Bridge Loan was repaid in full in June 2026 using proceeds from the SpaceX Notes.
Proceeds. The proceeds of the SpaceX Bridge Loan were used to repay the X B-1 Term Loan, the X B-3 Term Loan, the xAI Fixed Rate Loan, the xAI Floating Rate Loan, and the xAI 12.5% Senior Secured Notes (as defined and described below). The remaining proceeds were used for general corporate purposes.
Interest Rates. The SpaceX Bridge Loan bore interest, at the Company’s election, at a rate per annum equal to (i) Term SOFR plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.75%-1.75% (depending on the Company’s debt rating), or (ii) a base rate equal to the highest of (a) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, (b) the Prime Rate, (c) Term SOFR plus 1.00%, and (d) 1.00%, plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.75% (depending on the Company’s debt rating). In addition, the Company was obligated to pay duration fees equal to 0.125% of outstanding principal on the first anniversary of closing and 0.25% of outstanding principal on the fifteen-month anniversary of closing.
Principal Repayments. In June 2026, the Company repaid the full outstanding principal balance and accrued interest, resulting in the extinguishment of the SpaceX Bridge Loan. The SpaceX Bridge Loan could be prepaid at any time, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty. The Company was required to use the net proceeds of certain debt financings to repay amounts outstanding under the SpaceX Bridge Loan and to apply the net proceeds of a qualified IPO to repay such amounts within six months following receipt.
Guarantors and Collateral. The obligations of the Company under the SpaceX Bridge Loan were guaranteed on a joint and several basis by X Corp., SpaceXAI LLC (formerly known as X.AI LLC), and CTC Property, LLC (each a subsidiary of the Company).
Accounting Treatment. The Company accounted for the repayment of the X B-1 Term Loan, the X B-3 Term Loan, the xAI Fixed Rate Loan, the xAI Floating Rate Loan and the xAI 12.5% Senior Secured Notes as an extinguishment of debt, resulting in a loss on extinguishment of $1,526 million, recorded in Other income (expense), net.
SpaceX Credit Facility
General. In February 2025, the Company entered into a five-year senior unsecured revolving credit agreement (“SpaceX Credit Facility”) with a syndicate of banks, under which the Company may draw up to $1,500 million, subject to a customary financial covenant and other reporting requirements. Prior to amendments (described below), the SpaceX Credit Facility was scheduled to
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terminate, and for all outstanding loans to become due and payable, on February 7, 2030. No amounts were borrowed under the SpaceX Credit Facility during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026.
Amendments. In March 2026, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Credit Agreement and Waiver (the “First Amendment”) with its lenders, in connection with the Company’s entry into the SpaceX Bridge Loan. The First Amendment, among other things, (i) waived certain specified defaults and (ii) amended certain definitions and covenants under the SpaceX Credit Facility to conform to the terms of the SpaceX Bridge Loan. In May 2026, SpaceX amended the SpaceX Credit Facility to increase the borrowing capacity up to $5,000 million (“Amended SpaceX Credit Facility”). As part of the Amended SpaceX Credit Facility, the sublimit for performance letters of credit was increased to $2,000 million. The Amended SpaceX Credit Facility terminates, and all outstanding loans become due and payable, on May 19, 2031, unless the parties agree to an extension in accordance with the terms of the Amended SpaceX Credit Facility. All other terms were consistent with the terms of the SpaceX Credit Facility.
Interest Rates. Under the SpaceX Credit Facility, borrowings bear interest at the Company’s option, at a rate per annum of (i) between 0.75%-1.25%, depending on the Company’s current debt rating, plus the relevant Term SOFR or (ii) between 0.0%-0.25% depending on the Company’s current debt rating plus the greater of (a) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, (b) the Prime Rate, (c) Term SOFR plus 1.0%, and (d) 1.0%. The Company may also borrow in various alternative currencies at various alternative rates, including rates based on SONIA for Pound Sterling loans and EURIBOR for Euro loans plus an applicable margin. The fee for undrawn amounts is between 0.07%-0.11% per annum, depending on the Company’s current debt rating. Interest is payable either monthly or quarterly, depending on the interest loan option.
Covenants. The Company was in compliance with the covenants as of September 30, 2026; however, the Company had a technical default when the Company acquired xAI on February 2, 2026 due to the amount of debt assumed as part of the acquisition at the subsidiary level. On March 2, 2026, the Company obtained a waiver from the syndicate of banks and amended the SpaceX Credit Facility allowing for the debt refinance completed on March 2, 2026, resulting in the Company being in compliance with all covenants.
X 2027 and 2030 Notes
General. In 2019, a subsidiary of X, an indirect subsidiary of the Company, issued $700 million aggregate principal amount of 3.875% senior notes due 2027 (the “X 2027 Notes”) in a private placement. The X 2027 Notes mature on December 15, 2027. In 2022, a subsidiary of X issued $1,000 million aggregate principal amount of 5.000% senior notes due 2030 (the “X 2030 Notes”) in a private placement. The X 2030 Notes mature on March 1, 2030. The X 2027 and X 2030 Notes represent senior unsecured obligations of the Company.
Interest Rates. For the X 2027 Notes, the interest rate is fixed at 3.875% per annum and interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year. For the X 2030 Notes, the interest rate is fixed at 5.000% per annum and interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year.
Principal Repayments. In November 2022, the Company purchased approximately $675 million aggregate principal amount of X 2027 Notes and $998 million aggregate principal amount of the X 2030 Notes in settlement of the change in control of Twitter. The X 2027 Notes and X 2030 Notes that remain outstanding may be redeemed at the option of the Company, in whole or in part, at any time prior to September 15, 2027 and December 1, 2029, respectively, at a price equal to 100.0% of the principal amounts plus a “make-whole” premium and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, up to, but excluding, the redemption date.
Covenants. The Company was in compliance with the covenants as of September 30, 2026.
X First Lien Senior Credit Facilities
General. In 2022, X Corp., an indirect subsidiary of the Company, entered into the First Lien Credit Agreement which provided for a new term loan commitment of $6,705 million (“X B-1 Term Loan”) and a $500 million Secured First Lien Revolving Credit Facility (including a letter of credit subfacility with an aggregate face value of up to $100 million) (together referred to as “X First Lien Senior Credit Facilities”). The Secured First Lien Revolving Credit Facility matures on October 27, 2027 and the X B-1 Term Loan matures on October 27, 2029.
Amendments. In February 2025, X Corp., an indirect subsidiary of the Company, amended the X First Lien Senior Credit Facilities and entered into a new term loan commitment for $4,741 million with a maturity date of October 27, 2029 (“X B-3 Term Loan”) and reduced the Secured First Lien Revolving Credit Facility commitment to $0. As part of the issuance of the X B-3 Term Loan, the Company is required to pay an arrangement fee of $51 million, which is due and payable on February 19, 2027. In April 2025, the
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Company entered into an amendment to the X B-3 Term Loan for an additional commitment of $1,225 million with the same terms and conditions, increasing the total X B-3 Term Loan borrowings to $5,966 million.
Interest Rates. The X B-1 Term Loan bore interest at a rate per annum of, initially, adjusted Term SOFR plus 6.50%. The Secured First Lien Revolving Credit Facility bore interest at a rate per annum of, initially, an adjusted Term SOFR plus 4.50%, with leverage-based step-downs. Undrawn commitments under the Secured First Lien Revolving Credit Facility were subject to an unused commitment fee of 0.50% per annum, subject to quarterly leverage based step-downs. The X B-3 Term Loan had a fixed interest rate of 9.50% per annum. Interest on the X B-1 Term Loan and X B-3 Term Loan was payable monthly, quarterly, or bi-annually at the option of the Company.
Principal Repayments. On March 2, 2026, the Company repaid the full outstanding principal balance and accrued interest, including a prepayment penalty of $425 million, resulting in the extinguishment of the X B-1 Term Loan and X B-3 Term Loan. The X B-1 Term Loan was repayable at any time, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, subject to mandatory quarterly prepayments of principal beginning on the last day of the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023, in amounts equal to 0.25% of the original principal amount of borrowings thereunder, with the unpaid balance being payable on the final maturity date thereof. The X B-1 Term Loan was also subject to additional customary mandatory prepayment provisions from the proceeds of certain debt issuances and asset sales, as well as sweeps of a portion of excess cash flow, subject to certain leverage-based step-downs and exceptions. The X B-3 Term Loan had prepayment penalties of 107.13% of the outstanding principal before October 27, 2026, 104.75% of the outstanding principal before October 27, 2027, and 102.38% of the outstanding principal before October 27, 2028.
Guarantors and Collateral. Obligations under the First Lien Senior Credit Facilities were guaranteed by X, and were collateralized by a first priority lien on substantially all of the assets of X and its subsidiaries (subject to customary exceptions).
xAI First Lien Credit Agreement
General. In June 2025, SpaceXAI Corp. and SpaceXAI LLC, indirect subsidiaries of the Company, entered into the First Lien Credit Agreement to provide borrowings up to $2,000 million. The Company executed a $1,000 million Fixed Rate Term Loan maturing on June 30, 2030 (“xAI Fixed Rate Term Loan”), and a $1,000 million Floating Rate Term Loan maturing on June 30, 2030 (“xAI Floating Rate Term Loan”).
Interest Rates. The xAI Fixed Rate Term Loan had a fixed interest rate of 12.50% per annum and the xAI Floating Rate Term Loan had a floating interest rate per annum of Term SOFR plus 7.25% or ABR plus 6.25%. Interest on the xAI Fixed Rate Term Loan was payable bi-annually on January 31 and July 31, commencing on January 31, 2026. Interest on the xAI Floating Rate Term Loan was payable monthly, quarterly, or bi-annually at the option of the Company.
Principal Repayments. On March 2, 2026, the Company repaid the full outstanding principal balance and accrued interest, including a prepayment penalty of $221 million, resulting in the extinguishment of the xAI Fixed Rate Term Loan and xAI Floating Rate Term Loan. The xAI Fixed Rate Term Loan and the xAI Floating Rate Term Loan had prepayment penalties of 103% on the principal outstanding balance prior to June 30, 2027 and 101% on the principal outstanding balance prior to June 30, 2028.
Guarantors. Obligations under the xAI Fixed Rate Term Loan and xAI Floating Rate Term Loan were guaranteed each jointly and severally by SpaceXAI Corp. and certain of its subsidiaries.
xAI 12.5% Secured Senior Notes
General. In June 2025, SpaceXAI LLC and, X.AI Co Issuer Corp, indirect subsidiaries of the Company, issued $3,000 million aggregate principal amount of 12.5% interest Senior Secured Notes due in 2030 (“xAI 12.5% Senior Secured Notes”). The Senior Secured Notes were issued at 100% of the principal amount and the entire principal amount will be due on June 30, 2030.
Interest Rates. The xAI 12.5% Senior Secured Notes had a fixed interest rate of 12.50% per annum. Interest was payable bi-annually on January 15 and July 15, commencing on January 15, 2026.
Principal Repayments. On March 5, 2026, the Company repaid the full outstanding principal balance and accrued interest, including a prepayment penalty of $518 million, resulting in the extinguishment of the xAI 12.5% Senior Secured Notes. The xAI 12.5% Senior Secured Notes had prepayment penalties of 106.25% on the principal outstanding balance prior to July 15, 2027 and 103.13% on the principal outstanding balance prior to July 15, 2028.
Guarantors. Obligations under the xAI 12.5% Senior Secured Notes were guaranteed each jointly and severally by xAI and certain of
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its subsidiaries.
xAI Revolving Line of Credit
General. In April 2024 and amended through March 2026, a subsidiary of xAI, an indirect subsidiary of the Company, entered into a revolving line of credit up to borrowing capacity of $250 million. The Company had no borrowings under the line of credit during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026.
Interest Rates. Interest on any borrowings is calculated based on the 30-day average SOFR plus the International Swaps and Derivatives Association spread adjustment plus a spread of 40 basis points.
Guarantors and Collateral. The agreement permits borrowings up to the value of the pledged collateral held in custody, less any outstanding loan balances, accrued interest, and fees. The pledged collateral consisted of securities held in xAI’s custodial account.
Other Financings
The Company has entered into various other financing arrangements, generally collateralized by specific machinery and equipment. These arrangements have a weighted-average fixed interest rate of 6.3% and 5.5% per annum as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, with principal and interest payments due monthly, and in certain instances, a lump sum payment at the end of term.
CTC Property, LLC (“CTC”), a subsidiary of the Company, has entered into various sale-leaseback transactions for its SI infrastructure assets which would have been deemed finance leases, resulting in failed sale-leaseback transactions. As a result, the Company recorded the related debt of $2,181 million and $10,716 million within Debt and finance leases, current and Debt and finance leases, net of current, respectively, in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2026 for three failed sale-leaseback transactions. Refer to Note 17 - Related Party Transactions for additional details.
The future scheduled principal maturities of debt as of September 30, 2026 are as follows:
| 2026 (remaining three months) | $ | 495 | |||
| 2027 | 2,425 | ||||
| 2028 | 2,867 | ||||
| 2029 | 3,422 | ||||
| 2030 | 3,597 | ||||
| Thereafter | 25,200 | ||||
| Total | $ | 38,006 | |||
The Company measures the fair value of its long-term fixed-rate debt for disclosure purposes. The fair value estimates for these debts were determined based on the quoted prices, if available, or based on a discounted cash flow approach using yields calibrated from recent issuances of the securities, resulting in Level II measurement.
The carrying amounts and fair values of the long-term fixed-rate debt included in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:
| As of September 30, 2026 | As of December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Amount | Fair Value | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| SpaceX Notes | $ | 24,855 | $ | 22,932 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| X B-3 Term Loan | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 5,912 | $ | 6,190 | ||||||||||||||||||
| xAI Fixed Rate Term Loan | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 991 | $ | 1,057 | ||||||||||||||||||
xAI 12.5% Secured Senior Notes | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,988 | $ | 3,173 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Note 10 - Leases
The components of lease expense are as follows within the consolidated statements of operations:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease expense | $ | 129 | $ | 115 | $ | 362 | $ | 369 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term lease cost | 162 | 94 | 422 | 169 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variable lease cost | 60 | 37 | 115 | 83 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating lease expense | $ | 351 | $ | 246 | $ | 899 | $ | 621 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of leased assets | $ | 79 | $ | 82 | $ | 237 | $ | 251 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest on lease liabilities | 58 | 77 | 190 | 244 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total finance lease expense | 137 | 159 | 427 | 495 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total lease expense | $ | 488 | $ | 405 | $ | 1,326 | $ | 1,116 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Company obtained $753 million of leased assets in exchange for operating lease liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2026.
Note 11 - Balance Sheet Components
Certain financial statement details are as follows:
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||||||||
| Unbilled receivables | $ | 815 | $ | 223 | ||||||||||
| Tax related assets | 634 | 618 | ||||||||||||
| Restricted cash and deposits | 555 | 182 | ||||||||||||
| Rebates and credits | 341 | 597 | ||||||||||||
| Other current assets | 1,112 | 590 | ||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | 3,457 | $ | 2,210 | ||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Accrued infrastructure purchases | $ | 1,863 | $ | — | ||||||||||
| Tax related liabilities | 642 | 563 | ||||||||||||
| Payroll & employee benefit accruals | 518 | 322 | ||||||||||||
| Accrued interest | 387 | 416 | ||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, current | 374 | 422 | ||||||||||||
| Restructuring liabilities | 249 | 339 | ||||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | 1,964 | 507 | ||||||||||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 5,997 | $ | 2,569 | ||||||||||
Note 12 - Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Shareholders’ Equity
SpaceX Preferred and Common Stock
The common stock is divided into three classes: Class A common stock ("Class A"), Class B common stock ("Class B"), and Class C common stock ("Class C") (collectively, "SpaceX Common Stock"). The Company also has one class of preferred stock ("SpaceX Preferred Stock").
In connection with the IPO, the Company effected the following equity structure changes:
Conversion of Preferred Stock. All shares of SpaceX Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding prior to the IPO were converted into a number of shares of Class A or Class B common stock.
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Reclassification of Class C Common Stock. All shares of Class C common stock outstanding prior to the IPO were reclassified into Class A common stock.
Elimination of Class D Common Stock. The Company's Class D common stock was eliminated.
Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation. An amendment to the Company's amended and restated certificate of formation, which became effective immediately prior to completion of the IPO, reduced the authorized number of shares of SpaceX Preferred Stock to 2,400 million. SpaceX Preferred Stock has a par value of $0.001 per share with rights and preferences, including voting rights, designated from time to time by the Company's board of directors.
As of September 30, 2026, the total number of shares of SpaceX Common Stock the Company is authorized to issue is 52,257 million shares, each with a par value of $0.001 per share: 36,132 million shares are Class A, 6,125 million shares are Class B, and 10,000 million shares are Class C. The Company is also authorized to issue 2,400 million shares of SpaceX Preferred Stock.
In May 2026, the Board approved the 2026 Stock Split, pursuant to which each share of the Class A, Class B, and Class C SpaceX Common Stock issued and outstanding was split into five shares of the same class of SpaceX Common Stock.
Effect of the xAI Merger
xAI Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
On the xAI Merger Date, all outstanding shares of xAI Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock converted into shares of SpaceX Common Stock, based on the share-for-share exchange mechanics specified in the merger agreement. Upon conversion, all shares of xAI Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock were canceled and retired, and former xAI Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock shareholders received the applicable shares of SpaceX Common Stock. Any shares of xAI Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock previously held by the Company were canceled and retired and did not receive any consideration.
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Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
Each series of SpaceX and xAI Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (collectively, the “Combined Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock”) as of December 31, 2025 consisted of the following (no shares of Combined Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2026):
Outstanding (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SpaceX Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series A | 60.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series A-1 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series B | 5.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series B-1 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series C | 9.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series D | 5.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series E | 10.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series F | 6.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series G | 12.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series H | 3.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series I | 3.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series J | 2.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series K | 2.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series L | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series M | 2.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series N | 9.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total SpaceX Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | 134.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| xAI Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series A | 750.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series A-1 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series B | 584.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series C | 277.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series D | 120.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series E | 179.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total xAI Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | 1,911.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Combined Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | 2,046.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
__________________
(1)The number of issued redeemable convertible preferred stock is equal to the number of outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock, with the exception of xAI Series A and xAI Series D, of which the number of issued shares is 1,000.0 million and 175.0 million as of December 31, 2025, respectively, due to redeemable convertible preferred stock held by X and SpaceX, respectively.
Common Stock
The following describes all of the activity that occurred within each class of SpaceX Common Stock during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, incorporating all activity that occurred within the class of xAI Common Stock on an as-converted basis to the class of SpaceX Common Stock it was converted into per the Common Control Mergers.
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| Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Class C Common Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2026 | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at June 30, 2026 | 7,607 | $ | 7 | 5,569 | $ | 6 | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued, net of tax withholding | 9 | 0 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion between classes of common stock | 230 | 1 | (230) | (1) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer of equity in business combinations | 394 | 0 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at September 30, 2026 | 8,240 | $ | 8 | 5,339 | $ | 5 | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Class C Common Stock | Class D Common Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026 | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at December 31, 2025 | 1,952 | $ | 3 | 643 | $ | 1 | 484 | $ | 0 | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with IPO, net of underwriting commissions and offering costs | 639 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued, net of tax withholding | 62 | 0 | 1,306 | 1 | 13 | 0 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock pursuant to the xAI Merger | 886 | 0 | 537 | 1 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock pursuant to xAI Merger | (3) | 0 | (20) | 0 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock | 3,453 | 3 | 3,274 | 3 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion between classes of common stock | 867 | 1 | (370) | (1) | (497) | 0 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | (10) | 0 | (31) | 0 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer of equity in business combinations | 394 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at September 30, 2026 | 8,240 | $ | 8 | 5,339 | $ | 5 | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Class C Common Stock | Class D Common Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at June 30, 2025 | 1,867 | $ | 3 | 728 | $ | 1 | 453 | $ | 0 | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued, net of tax withholding | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 0 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion between classes of common stock | 23 | 0 | (23) | 0 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | (5) | 0 | (13) | 0 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at September 30, 2025 | 1,887 | $ | 3 | 694 | $ | 1 | 460 | $ | 0 | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Class C Common Stock | Class D Common Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at December 31, 2024 | 1,832 | $ | 2 | 768 | $ | 1 | 423 | $ | 0 | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued, net of tax withholding | 23 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 36 | 0 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock | 1 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion between classes of common stock | 49 | 0 | (49) | 0 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | (19) | 0 | (28) | 0 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer of equity in business combination | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at September 30, 2025 | 1,887 | $ | 3 | 694 | $ | 1 | 460 | $ | 0 | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following describes the various rights and preferences of the SpaceX Common Stock:
Dividend Provisions
Subject to the prior rights of holders of all classes and series of stock at the time outstanding having prior rights as to dividends, holders of SpaceX Common Stock shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the board of directors, out of any funds
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legally available, such dividends as may be declared from time to time by the board of directors. For the period from inception through September 30, 2026, no dividends were declared on SpaceX Common Stock.
Conversion Rights
Each share of Class B is convertible at the option of the holder, at any time, into one share of Class A. Each share of Class B will automatically convert into one share of Class A upon a transfer, other than a Permitted Transfer (as defined in the charter), of such share of Class B.
Voting Rights
Each holder of Class A is entitled to one vote for each share held. Each holder of Class B is entitled to ten votes for each share held. The holders of Class C have no voting rights, except as required by law.
Reserve for Unissued Shares of Common Stock
The Company is required to reserve and keep available, out of its authorized but unissued shares of SpaceX Common Stock, such number of shares sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding shares of Class B to Class A, and shares granted and available for grant under the Company’s share plans.
The amount of such shares of the SpaceX Common Stock reserved for these purposes at September 30, 2026 is as follows:
| Number of Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A | Class B | Class C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding stock options | 158 | 350 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding RSUs | 142 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Future grants under share-based compensation | 324 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 624 | 350 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share Repurchases
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company repurchased a total of $— and $2,013 million, respectively, of SpaceX Common Stock (— and 41 million shares, respectively) and Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (— and 2 million shares, respectively) in a number of unrelated transactions with existing shareholders at their then-current fair market value. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company also repurchased $2,413 million (or 25 million shares) of SpaceX Common Stock from eligible current and former xAI employees as part of the xAI Merger.
Similarly, the Company repurchased $3 million (or 18 million shares) and $523 million (or 47 million shares) of SpaceX Common Stock from eligible current and former employees and existing shareholders during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. The Company only repurchased shares held by eligible participants for more than six months at a purchase price per share equal to the then current fair market value.
All SpaceX shares repurchased to date have been retired.
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Note 13 - Earnings per Share
The following table presents the reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders to net income (loss) used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 4,404 | $ | (1,054) | $ | (413) | $ | (2,590) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less: Deemed dividend(1) | — | — | 671 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders - basic and diluted | $ | 4,404 | $ | (1,054) | $ | (1,084) | $ | (2,590) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding - basic | 11,942 | 2,941 | 7,274 | 2,915 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares of common stock equivalents: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 457 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of restricted stock units | 75 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of ESPPs | 1 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common stock and common stock equivalents outstanding - diluted | 12,475 | 2,941 | 7,274 | 2,915 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.37 | $ | (0.36) | $ | (0.15) | $ | (0.89) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.35 | $ | (0.36) | $ | (0.15) | $ | (0.89) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
__________________
(1)The excess of fair market value over the consideration transferred for the repurchase of SpaceX Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock was treated as a deemed dividend and resulted in an increase to net loss attributable to common shareholders in the calculation of net loss per share.
The following potentially dilutive securities on an as-converted basis are excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders for the periods presented because the impact of including them would be anti-dilutive:
| As of September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| xAI Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | — | 1,241 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SpaceX Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | — | 6,760 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 19 | 648 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders and the table above exclude 1,333 million and 14 million share-based compensation awards outstanding as of September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, as these awards are subject to performance and market conditions that were not met as of those dates.
Note 14 - Share-based Compensation
General
The Company grants RSUs, RSAs, and non-statutory options to eligible employees, key executives, and certain non-employee service providers with service and/or performance conditions (collectively, the “Plans”). The Company offers an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, under which eligible employees can purchase the Company’s common stock at a discounted price. The Company also offers a Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“NQ ESPP”), under which employees can purchase the Company’s common stock at the fair market value. In April 2026, the Company cancelled the NQ ESPP.
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Acquisitions
As part of the Cursor Merger and Mesh Optical Merger (collectively, the “Acquisitions”), as defined and further described in Note 20 - Acquisitions, the Company granted 65 million options with a weighted average exercise price of $1.49 and weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of $140.39, 28 million RSUs with weighted-average grant date fair value per share of $141.45, and 96 million RSAs with weighted-average grant date fair value per share of $141.66. At September 30, 2026, share-based compensation expense related to these awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.8 years.
Summary of Share-Based Compensation Information
The following table summarizes the Company’s share-based compensation expense by line item in the consolidated statements of operations:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue(1) | $ | 128 | $ | 71 | $ | 321 | $ | 175 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development(2) | 1,416 | 167 | 2,147 | 435 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general, and administrative(3) | 819 | 112 | 1,365 | 434 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 2,363 | $ | 350 | $ | 3,833 | $ | 1,044 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
__________________
(1)Share-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 includes share-based compensation expense related to SpaceX awards granted to certain employees from the Acquisitions to retain key talent as well as SpaceX awards granted as a replacement of historically outstanding, unvested equity awards held by Cursor and Mesh Optical employees prior to the Acquisitions. Refer to Note 20 - Acquisitions for additional information. Share-based compensation expense recorded in Cost of revenue related to the Acquisitions was $6 million and $6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026.
(2)Share-based compensation expense recorded in Research and development related to the Acquisitions was $1,022 million and $1,022 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026.
(3)Share-based compensation expense recorded in Selling, general, and administrative related to the Acquisitions was $189 million and $189 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, share-based compensation expense capitalized to the consolidated balance sheets was $50 million and $160 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, share-based compensation expense capitalized to the consolidated balance sheets was $38 million and $114 million, respectively.
Note 15 - Income Taxes
The Company’s effective tax rate was (9.7)% and 46.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, compared to (114.2)% and (38.1)% for three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. The change in the Company’s effective tax rate was primarily due to the changes in the valuation allowance.
The Company’s effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 as compared to the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% were primarily impacted by the valuation allowances on its deferred tax assets.
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considered whether it is more likely than not that some or all of its net deferred tax assets will not be realizable based on the weight of all positive and negative evidence. In connection with the Acquisitions, the Company recorded deferred tax liabilities related to the fair value of acquired intangible assets. These deferred tax liabilities provided a source of taxable income that supported the realizability and release of a portion of the Company’s pre-existing U.S. deferred tax assets during the three months ended September 30, 2026. As a result, the Company released a portion of the pre-existing valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets and recorded a provisional deferred tax benefit of $449 million. As of September 30, 2026, the Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets in the U.S., with the exception of certain state deferred tax assets and transferrable investment tax credits that are expected to be realizable. The Company also continues to maintain valuation allowances in certain foreign jurisdictions where it concluded that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Note 16 - Commitments and Contingencies
Unconditional Obligations
The Company’s unconditional obligations are non-cancelable contractual commitments primarily related to the Company’s investments in SI infrastructure and third-party cloud capacity arrangements and other service arrangements. It also includes the Company’s commitments under the Spectrum Transaction, which are payable in cash and in the Company’s Class A common stock.
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Refer to Note 6 - Intangible Assets and Goodwill for additional details. The following table summarizes the Company’s non-cancelable contractual commitments as of September 30, 2026:
| 2026 (remaining three months) | $ | 2,309 | |||
| 2027 | 25,569 | ||||
| 2028 | 4,637 | ||||
| 2029 | 2,071 | ||||
| 2030 | 1,221 | ||||
| Thereafter | 2,033 | ||||
Total | $ | 37,840 | |||
Letters of Credit and Surety Bonds
The Company had outstanding letters of credit of $1,470 million at September 30, 2026 related to various customer contracts, insurance agreements, and facility lease agreements. All of the outstanding letters of credit were collateralized by restricted cash. The Company also had surety bonds of $470 million for self-insured workers’ compensation programs and other governmental licenses at September 30, 2026.
Legal Proceedings
In the normal course of its business, the Company is involved from time to time in various arbitrations, class actions, commercial litigation, investigations and other legal, regulatory or governmental actions, including the significant matters described below that could have a material impact on our results of operations. The Company assesses, in conjunction with its legal counsel, the need to record a liability for litigation and contingencies. With respect to the cases, actions, and inquiries described below, the Company evaluates the associated developments on a regular basis and will accrue a liability when it believes a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. In addition, the Company believes there is a reasonable possibility that it may incur a loss in some of these matters and the loss may be material or exceed its estimated ranges of possible loss.
The outcomes of the matters described in this section, such as whether the likelihood of loss is remote, reasonably possible, or probable, or if and when the reasonably possible range of loss is estimable, are inherently uncertain, and unless specified otherwise, possible losses are not reasonably estimable at this time. If one or more of these matters were resolved against the Company for amounts above management’s estimates, the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, including in a particular reporting period in which any such outcome becomes probable and estimable, could be materially adversely affected.
In November 2022, the European Union’s Digital Services Act (“DSA”) came into force as a result of which X has to comply with extensive content moderation and other duties. X published its first Transparency Report under the DSA in November 2023. In December 2023, the European Commission (“EC”) opened a formal investigation into X Corp. and its Irish subsidiary, Twitter International Unlimited Company (“TIUC”), which was later renamed to X Internet Unlimited Company (XIUC). On July 12, 2024, in relation to alleged breaches of Articles 25(1), 39 and 40(12) of the DSA, the EC issued preliminary findings that X’s blue checkmark is deceptive, its advertisement repository does not meet DSA requirements, and it grants inadequate access to data to third-party researchers. On September 26, 2024, XIUC and X submitted their observations challenging the EC’s preliminary findings. On December 5, 2025, the EC delivered a final decision in which it upheld its preliminary findings and imposed a fine of EUR 120 million on XIUC, X Corp., X.AI Holdings Corp., and Elon Musk (together, the “parties”). On February 16, 2026, the parties challenged the EC’s decision in the General Court of the European Union. In July and August 2026, applications for leave to intervene were filed in the case, including by the United States, the Republic of Ireland, Democracy Reporting International gGmbH, Associação Ius Omnibus, NetChoice, Koordinierungsstelle für digitale Dienste, Stichting Article 19, Fundacja Obserwatorium Demokracji Cyfrowej. The parties filed their observations on these applications on September 22, 2026. The case remains pending.
In March 2016, non-practicing entity Youtoo Technologies filed suit against Twitter, Inc. (the predecessor-in-interest to X Corp.) in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas alleging its Vine and Periscope products infringe Youtoo’s video-sharing patents (the ‘304, ‘506, and ‘997 patents). On Twitter’s motion, the district court dismissed the ‘304 and ’506 patents as invalid. Twitter filed petitions for Inter Partes Review before the Patent Trial and Appeals Board (PTAB) challenging all three patents-in-suit. The PTAB upheld the ‘304 and ‘506 Patents and invalidated the ‘997 Patent; the Federal Circuit affirmed. On March 16, 2020, Plaintiff (now Vidstream LLC, which allegedly acquired the patents from Youtoo Technologies in a bankruptcy proceeding), moved the Court to reconsider its earlier ruling invalidating the ‘304 and ‘506 patents. On April 1, 2022, the Court reversed its original ruling on the ‘304 and ‘506 patents. On September 27, 2024, Vidstream filed a motion for partial summary judgment, which the Court granted in part. The case went to a jury trial, and on April 16, 2025, the jury rendered a verdict finding (i) that Twitter did not infringe any claim of the ‘506 patent and two out of three claims of the ‘304 patent and that each of those patent claims was invalid, but (ii) that Twitter willfully infringed one claim of the ‘304 patent. The jury awarded Plaintiff $105 million in damages. In November 2025,
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the district court affirmed the jury’s award and awarded an additional $67 million in prejudgment interest. X Corp. has appealed and Vidstream has cross-appealed. Both appeals remain pending before the Federal Circuit.
In June 2023, music publishing companies that are members of the National Music Publishers’ Association (the “NMPA”) filed a complaint against X Corp. in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee, claiming direct, contributory, and vicarious copyright infringement based on Twitter’s alleged failure to expeditiously take down infringing music posted by users after the music publishers allegedly gave Twitter notice of those infringements. The music publishers also allege that Twitter did not suspend the accounts of “repeat infringers,” so that Twitter is not entitled to a “safe harbor” from liability under the DMCA. In March 2024, the Court dismissed plaintiffs’ direct infringement and vicarious infringement claims, and part of plaintiffs’ claim for contributory infringement. Following the Supreme Court’s decision in Cox Comm’s, Inc. v. Sony Music Entm’t., the Court granted the parties’ joint motion for a stay to allow X Corp. to file a renewed motion to dismiss. On July 16, 2026, the parties stipulated to the dismissal of all the NMPA’s claims, and the matter is now closed.
In September 2023, Dutch foundation Stichting Data Bescherming Nederland (“SDBN”) filed a putative class action lawsuit in the District Court of Amsterdam in the Netherlands against TIUC, Twitter, Inc., X Corp., and Twitter Netherlands B.V. (together, the “Twitter parties”) related to Twitter’s operation of the MoPub platform. SDBN primarily claims that MoPub’s real-time bidding ad exchange violated the GDPR. SDBN claims to represent 11 million Dutch internet users who downloaded and used third-party mobile apps containing the MoPub software development kit during the period 2013-2022 and it seeks a monetary award in the range of €250 to €2,500 per person. On February 4, 2026, the Court declined to allow the case to proceed as a class action and indicated that it is considering staying the proceedings until the Court of Justice of the European Union has ruled in a separate case concerning the applicability of Dutch class action requirements to GDPR claims. The Twitter parties filed a brief in support of the proposed stay, which the plaintiffs opposed, on March 4, 2026.
In August 2024, Dutch foundation Stichting Onderzoek Marktinformatie (SOMI) initiated a collective action in the District Court of Amsterdam in the Netherlands on behalf of approximately 7.8 million Dutch X users. Among other things, SOMI seeks damages against TIUC, X Corp. and Twitter Netherlands B.V. (collectively, the “X entities”) for: (1) alleged data breaches and insufficient security measures; (2) alleged unauthorized microtargeting and lack of transparency; and (3) the alleged failure to moderate hate speech and the obstruction of research, all in violation of the GDPR and/or DSA. The alleged data breaches relate to a Twitter API bug that came to light in 2022 and that had allowed persons who knew the email address or phone number of a user to determine the user’s Twitter ID. SOMI has requested compensation (to be assessed at a later stage) for each member of the class, including symbolic damages of EUR 1 for each member of the class that is allegedly affected by hate speech on the X platform. The X entities filed a procedural defense on March 12, 2025. On May 27, 2026, the court determined that SOMI satisfies most admissibility requirements but held that it was unable to establish that SOMI meets the financial safeguard requirements under Dutch law. SOMI provided the court with further information about its financing arrangements on June 24, 2026. The X entities responded to SOMI's submission on July 29, 2026. The parties are now awaiting the court's decision on whether SOMI meets the financial safeguard requirements under Dutch law.
In September 2025, non-practicing entity Search and Share Technologies, LLC (“SaS”) filed a patent complaint against X Corp. in the Federal District Court for the Western District of Texas. SaS alleges that X Corp. infringed on U.S. Patent Nos. 10,180,952 and 11,106,744, through features in its mobile app and website enabling users to interact with content through dedicated interfaces that directly share what other users see in ranked feeds and search results. SaS filed an Amended Complaint on January 5, 2026. On January 20, 2026, X Corp. moved to dismiss SaS’s willful infringement and induced infringement claims. On February 3, 2026, SaS responded to, but did not oppose, X Corp.’s partial motion to dismiss. On February 10, 2026, X Corp. filed its reply. On February 4, 2026, X Corp. filed an IPR petition challenging the ‘744 Patent and on February 18, 2026, filed an IPR petition challenging the '952 Patent. On July 14, 2026, the Director instituted both IPRs against the SaS patents.
Beginning in January 2026, the Company and certain subsidiaries have been named as defendants in multiple lawsuits arising from Grok’s image-generation and editing features. The complaints generally allege that Grok’s image-generation and editing features enabled the creation and dissemination of nonconsensual explicit images and/or content representing women and/or children in sexualized contexts. The actions include several actions instituted in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California beginning on January 23, 2026 against SpaceXAI Corp. and SpaceXAI LLC (together, “SpaceXAI”). These include multiple putative class actions asserting claims including, among other things, strict liability, negligence, nuisance, rights of privacy or publicity, and certain federal statutory claims. Plaintiffs in these actions seek, among other things, compensatory, statutory and punitive damages, restitution, disgorgement, and injunctive relief. On September 28, 2026, in Jane Doe v. X.AI Corp. and X.AI LLC (5:26-cv-00772-PCP), the court denied SpaceXAI’s motion to transfer the action to the Northern District of Texas on the ground that the forum selection clause in the X terms of service was unconscionable, and also denied SpaceXAI’s motion to stay. In addition, certain subsidiaries are facing several individual user actions in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Arkansas. These cases generally assert federal statutory claims, Arkansas statutory claims, and Arkansas common law claims including product liability, negligence, and invasion of privacy. These plaintiffs seek, among other things, compensatory, statutory and punitive damages,
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restitution, disgorgement, and injunctive relief. On October 2, 2026, the plaintiffs in the Western District of Arkansas actions moved the United States Judicial Panel for Multidistrict Litigation for consolidation of these and other allegedly similar actions in the Western District of Arkansas. The Mayor and City Council of Baltimore filed suit against X Corp., SpaceXAI, and the Company in the Baltimore City Circuit Court on March 24, 2026. The suit was subsequently removed to the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland. Baltimore asserts claims under its Consumer Protection Ordinance and seeks statutory penalties and injunctive relief. Baltimore voluntarily dismissed the Company from the suit, and X Corp. and SpaceXAI have moved to dismiss the suit. Lastly, on October 19, 2026, the Office of the Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Virginia sent a notice of violation pursuant to Va. Code § 59.1-203 to SpaceX, SpaceXAI and X Corp., notifying the companies that it is contemplating bringing suit based on allegations that they misrepresented and omitted Grok’s propensity to generate nonconsensual explicit images and/or content representing women and/or children in sexualized contexts and the limits of related safeguards.
On April 14, 2026, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the NAACP Mississippi State Conference (together, the “NAACP”) filed suit against X.AI Corp. and MZX Tech, LLC (together, the “SpaceXAI entities”) in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi, alleging that the mobile gas turbines powering the COLOSSUS II data center with the permission of the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality are in violation of the Clean Air Act because they allegedly constitute stationary sources without the proper permits. On May 6, 2026, the NAACP filed a preliminary injunction motion seeking to enjoin the operation of the turbines, which the SpaceXAI entities opposed. The United States has moved to intervene to dismiss the action, and the State of Mississippi has filed an amicus brief opposing the NAACP’s preliminary injunction motion. On September 18, 2026, the United States appealed the District Court’s failure to rule on its intervention motion to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, and on September 22, 2026, the United States asked the District Court to stay all proceedings in the case pending appeal. On October 19, 2026, the Fifth Circuit denied the appeal and stay as premature, and the district court granted the United States’ motion to intervene but declined to allow it to dismiss the case.
On May 14, 2026, SpaceXAI LLC was named in a putative class action filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California alleging that Grok.com utilized certain tracking technologies owned by Google, Meta, and TikTok in violation of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, California’s Invasion of Privacy Act, the California Constitution, and common law. The complaint seeks certification as a class, injunctive relief, unspecified damages, attorneys’ fees, costs, and interest. On June 10, 2026, SpaceXAI LLC moved to transfer the action to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas. On August 10, 2026, SpaceXAI LLC moved to dismiss the complaint. On August 13, 2026, the court denied SpaceXAI LLC’s motion to transfer the action to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas. SpaceXAI LLC intends to defend itself vigorously in this action.
In August 2026, SpaceXAI LLC and affiliates CTC Property LLC and MZX Tech LLC (together, the “SpaceXAI companies”) filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Tennessee against Darana Hybrid, Inc., Cuttell Motorsports, LLC (doing business as the International Hot Rod Association), and Darryl Cuttell (together, the “defendants”). A related action has been consolidated. The amended complaint, filed in September 2026, alleges breach of a master services agreement for construction of the plaintiffs’ super intelligence computing facilities in the Memphis area, together with fraud, conversion, unjust enrichment, and trademark claims, and seeks compensatory damages the SpaceXAI companies estimate at more than $500 million. The defendants dispute the claims, have moved to dismiss, and have asserted counterclaims and recorded construction liens seeking approximately $569 million for alleged unpaid work.
The Company has recorded an accrual of $350 million and $399 million for litigation losses that are probable and reasonably estimable in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. For other matters, the Company is not currently able to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss.
Note 17 - Related Party Transactions
The Company periodically does business with certain entities with which its CEO and directors are affiliated.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company purchased $151 million and $480 million, respectively, of Megapack products from Tesla, Inc. (“Tesla”) recorded in Property, plant, and equipment, net in the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2025, the Company purchased $506 million of Megapack products and $131 million of Cybertrucks at manufacturer’s suggested retail price from Tesla, recorded in Property, plant, and equipment, net in the consolidated balance sheets.
CTC entered into various equipment lease agreements with Valor Equity Partners (“Valor”) for certain SI infrastructure hardware (“Valor Transactions”). The founder, CEO and Chief Investment Officer of Valor, Antonio Gracias, serves as one of the directors of the Company. The Valor Transactions were deemed to be a failed sale-leaseback transaction. As of September 30, 2026, the Company recorded debt of $2,181 million and $10,716 million within Debt and finance leases, current and Debt and finance leases, net of current, respectively, in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, and $351 million and $864 million in Interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations related to equipment lease
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agreements with Valor. As of December 31, 2025, the Company recorded debt of $455 million and $4,052 million within Debt and finance leases, current and Debt and finance leases, net of current, respectively, in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet related to equipment lease agreements with Valor. Refer to Note 9 - Debt for additional details. The related asset is recorded within Property, plant, and equipment, net in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
The Company holds certain equity interests in TBC, which are accounted for as an equity method investment. The Company is presumed to have a significant influence, but not control, over TBC given the Company’s CEO has a controlling voting interest in TBC. The Company elected the fair value option to measure its investment in TBC as the Company believes it provides a more relevant measure of the investment’s current economic value. The fair value is determined on a quarterly basis based on market observable inputs, such as financing transactions with unaffiliated third party investors. During the three months ended September 30, 2026, the Company had an unrealized gain of $561 million recorded in Other income (expense), net related to its investment in TBC following TBC’s completion of new round of financing in September 2026.
Other transactions with Tesla and other related parties during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 were immaterial.
Note 18 - Segments
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), organizes the Company, manages resource allocations, and measures performance among three operating and reportable segments: (i) Space, (ii) Connectivity, and (iii) SI. The Company’s CODM assesses performance and allocates resources to operating segments based on segment income (loss) from operations by comparing actual income (loss) from operations to historical results and previously forecasted financial information. The Company’s CODM does not evaluate operating and reportable segments using asset or liability information.
The following tables present information as to revenues, significant segment expenses, and income (loss) from operations by the Company’s reportable segments:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Space | Connectivity | SI | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 1,767 | $ | 5,248 | $ | 7,560 | $ | 14,575 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 435 | 2,368 | 2,675 | 5,478 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 1,225 | 188 | 3,183 | 4,596 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative | 114 | 325 | 1,268 | 1,707 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | — | — | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | 1,774 | 2,881 | 7,129 | 11,784 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | (7) | 2,367 | 431 | 2,791 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (675) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 873 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | 1,025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | $ | 4,014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental segment information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 185 | $ | 986 | $ | 2,473 | $ | 3,644 | ||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation(1) | $ | 179 | $ | 146 | $ | 821 | $ | 1,146 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation related to acquisitions | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,217 | $ | 1,217 | ||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures | $ | 1,606 | $ | 1,543 | $ | 16,444 | $ | 19,593 | ||||||||||||||||||
__________________
(1)Share-based compensation expense excludes share-based compensation related to equity awards granted in connection with acquisitions, which is separately presented
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| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Space | Connectivity | SI | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 3,348 | $ | 12,796 | $ | 10,939 | $ | 27,083 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 1,045 | 6,079 | 4,237 | 11,361 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 3,231 | 687 | 7,740 | 11,658 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative | 283 | 819 | 2,263 | 3,365 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges (credits) | — | — | (6) | (6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | 4,559 | 7,585 | 14,234 | 26,378 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | (1,211) | 5,211 | (3,295) | 705 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (1,968) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 1,426 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other expense, net | (937) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | $ | (774) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental segment information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 509 | $ | 2,574 | $ | 5,851 | $ | 8,934 | ||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation(1) | $ | 503 | $ | 398 | $ | 1,715 | $ | 2,616 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation related to acquisitions | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,217 | $ | 1,217 | ||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures | $ | 3,832 | $ | 4,242 | $ | 39,995 | $ | 48,069 | ||||||||||||||||||
__________________
(1)Share-based compensation expense excludes share-based compensation related to equity awards granted in connection with acquisitions, which is separately presented
| Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Space | Connectivity | SI | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 1,666 | $ | 3,097 | $ | 813 | $ | 5,576 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 477 | 1,657 | 571 | 2,705 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 849 | 141 | 1,301 | 2,291 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative | 81 | 109 | 385 | 575 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | — | — | 278 | 278 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | 1,407 | 1,907 | 2,535 | 5,849 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | 259 | 1,190 | (1,722) | (273) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (514) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 155 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | 140 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | $ | (492) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental segment information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 264 | $ | 628 | $ | 922 | $ | 1,814 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | $ | 151 | $ | 105 | $ | 94 | $ | 350 | ||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures | $ | 1,113 | $ | 1,007 | $ | 4,760 | $ | 6,880 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Space | Connectivity | SI | Total Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 3,277 | $ | 8,159 | $ | 2,278 | $ | 13,714 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 1,104 | 4,271 | 1,574 | 6,949 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 2,069 | 406 | 3,331 | 5,806 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative | 256 | 335 | 1,083 | 1,674 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | — | — | 472 | 472 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment | 29 | — | — | 29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | 3,458 | 5,012 | 6,460 | 14,930 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | (181) | 3,147 | (4,182) | (1,216) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (1,372) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 370 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | 342 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | $ | (1,876) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental segment information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 572 | $ | 1,706 | $ | 2,506 | $ | 4,784 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | $ | 383 | $ | 270 | $ | 391 | $ | 1,044 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment | $ | 29 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 29 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | $ | 2,818 | $ | 2,951 | $ | 8,077 | $ | 13,846 | ||||||||||||||||||
Note 19 - Restructuring
In 2022, X, an indirect subsidiary of the Company (through the X Merger and subsequently, xAI Merger), initiated global employee workforce reductions, the effects of which continued into 2026. The charges and credits associated with the workforce reduction include cash severance expense and other termination benefits. Total charges (credits) of $3 million and $(6) million associated with the workforce reduction were recorded in Restructuring charges (credits) in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, and $278 million and $472 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.
The following table is a summary of the changes in the restructuring liabilities for each period presented, included within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets:
| Restructuring liabilities as of December 31, 2025 | $ | 443 | ||||||
| Severance and other personnel costs | (9) | |||||||
| Cash payments | (187) | |||||||
| Other adjustments | 3 | |||||||
| Restructuring liabilities as of September 30, 2026 | $ | 250 | ||||||
Note 20 - Acquisitions
Cursor Merger
In April 2026, the Company entered into an option agreement (“Cursor Option Agreement”) providing the right, but not the obligation, to acquire Cursor. In June 2026, the Company exercised the call option and entered into the Cursor Merger Agreement to acquire Cursor. On August 14, 2026, the Cursor Merger was completed. The Cursor Merger is an extension of the Company’s strategy to vertically integrate compute infrastructure, SI models, and applications.
Concurrently with the Cursor Option Agreement, the Company entered into a compute agreement (“Cursor Compute Agreement”) where the Company would provide Cursor with certain GPU cluster compute capacity and the parties would collaborate to improve existing models, including Grok, and to jointly develop SI models and related model-specific deliverables or products. The Cursor Compute Agreement was terminated at the Closing Date of the Cursor Merger. The net amount attributable to this collaboration arrangement through the Closing Date was not material.
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Purchase Consideration
Pursuant to the Cursor Merger Agreement, each share of Cursor's common stock and preferred stock outstanding immediately prior to the Closing Date was automatically converted into the right to receive shares of the Company's Class A common stock, plus cash in lieu of fractional shares, based on the Exchange Ratio of 9.7142. The Exchange Ratio was calculated based on an implied equity value of Cursor of $60 billion and VWAP of the Company's Class A common stock over the seven consecutive trading days immediately preceding the closing of the Cursor Merger of $128.65.
As part of the Cursor Merger Agreement, certain outstanding shares of Cursor common stock were converted to SpaceX equity awards with time-based vesting conditions in order to retain key talent, which are considered share-based compensation rather than purchase consideration under ASC 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). In addition, any outstanding, unvested equity awards held by Cursor employees prior to the Cursor Merger were assumed and converted into equivalent SpaceX awards based on the Exchange Ratio. Refer to Note 14 - Share-based Compensation for additional details. The total value of these equity awards attributable to post-acquisition service as of the Closing Date is $23,376 million, subject to future forfeitures.
The following table summarizes the components of the aggregate purchase consideration paid to acquire Cursor:
| SpaceX shares issued as purchase consideration | 271 | ||||
| SpaceX share price on Closing Date | $ | 141.29 | |||
| Total equity consideration | $ | 38,293 | |||
Replacement equity awards for Cursor’s equity awards(1) | 4,181 | ||||
| Total aggregate purchase consideration | $ | 42,474 | |||
__________________
(1)Represents the value of outstanding equity awards held by Cursor employees that were converted into replacement SpaceX awards. The fair value of replacement equity-based awards attributable to pre-acquisition service was recorded as part of the purchase consideration
Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation
The Company applied the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, and recognized assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair values as of the Closing Date, with the excess purchase consideration recorded to goodwill. Goodwill reflects the assembled workforce of Cursor as well as operating synergies that are expected to result from the Cursor Merger. All preliminary goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
The purchase price allocation is preliminary and subject to change. The Company is continuing to obtain information to complete its valuation of certain assets and liabilities, in addition to ensuring all other assets and liabilities and contingencies have been identified and recorded. The Company has estimated the preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on information currently available and will continue to adjust those estimates as additional information pertaining to events or circumstances present at the Closing Date becomes available during the measurement period. The Company will reflect measurement period adjustments, if any, in the period in which the adjustments occur, and the Company will finalize its accounting for the Cursor Merger within one year of the Closing Date.
The following table presents the preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and a reconciliation to total consideration transferred.
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 461 | Accounts payable | $ | 2 | |||||||||
| Marketable securities | 557 | Deferred revenue, current | 481 | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | 315 | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 414 | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 161 | Deferred tax liabilities | 446 | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets | 5,300 | Other liabilities | 18 | |||||||||||
| Other assets | 395 | Total Liabilities | $ | 1,361 | ||||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 7,189 | ||||||||||||
| Fair value of net assets acquired | $ | 5,828 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill | 36,646 | |||||||||||||
| Total Purchase Consideration | $ | 42,474 | ||||||||||||
The total value of goodwill from the Cursor Merger was allocated to the SI segment.
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The following table presents a summary of intangible assets acquired and the useful life of these assets:
| Fair Value | Useful Life (years) | ||||||||||
| Existing technology | $ | 4,400 | 4 | ||||||||
| Customer relationships | 700 | 4 | |||||||||
| Brand | 200 | 3 | |||||||||
| Total intangible assets acquired | $ | 5,300 | |||||||||
•Existing technology: Existing technology represents Cursor’s SI‑powered code editor sold to customers to help write, fix, and improve code. The preliminary fair value estimate of the existing technology was determined using the relief-from-royalty method. Key assumptions and other areas of judgments applied in the fair value measurement of the existing technology intangible asset include projected financial information, including projected revenue, obsolescence rate, royalty rate, discount rate used to present value future cash flows, economic useful life of assets, and tax rates, as relevant, that market participants would consider when estimating fair values.
•Customer relationships: The customer relationships primarily relate to Cursor’s established customer relationships with pre-existing customers that are expected to continue in the future. The preliminary fair value estimate of the customer relationships intangible asset was determined using the cost replacement method, which presumes that a market participant would pay no more for an asset than the amount for which the asset could be replaced in its current condition. Key assumptions and other areas of judgments applied in the fair value measurement of the customer relationships intangible asset include costs and time to replace the current customer relationships with new customers, obsolescence rate, developers’ profit, and entrepreneurial incentive, as relevant, that market participants would consider when estimating fair values.
•Brand: The preliminary fair value estimate of the brand intangible asset was determined using the relief-from-royalty method, which presumes the owner of the asset avoids hypothetical royalty payments that would need to be made for the use of the asset if the asset was not owned.
Results of Operations
The Company’s results of operations included $608 million of revenue attributable to Cursor from the Closing Date through September 30, 2026. It is impracticable to determine the effect on net income attributable to Cursor as the Cursor business was immediately integrated into the Company’s ongoing operations.
The Company incurred an immaterial amount of acquisition-related costs associated with the Cursor Merger during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026.
Supplemental Unaudited Pro Forma Information
The following unaudited pro forma combined financial information presents the combined results of the Company and Cursor as if the Cursor Merger had been completed on January 1, 2025. The unaudited pro forma combined financial information was prepared in accordance with ASC 805 and includes adjustments for amortization of acquired intangible assets, share-based compensation expense adjustments, and transaction-related costs. Adjustments do not include costs related to integration activities, cost savings or synergies that have been or may be achieved by the combined business.
These pro forma adjustments are based on available information as of the date hereof and upon assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable to reflect the impact of the Cursor Merger on the Company’s historical financial information on a supplemental pro forma basis. The unaudited pro forma combined financial information is presented for informational purposes and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the Cursor Merger had occurred on January 1, 2025, nor is it indicative of future results.
The following table presents the Company’s pro forma combined revenue and net income (loss) (unaudited):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 15,114 | $ | 5,801 | $ | 29,325 | $ | 14,130 | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 3,339 | $ | (3,731) | $ | (7,273) | $ | (10,732) | |||||||||
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Mesh Optical Merger
In May 2026, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with Mesh Optical Technologies Corporation (“Mesh Optical”) to acquire Mesh Optical (the “Mesh Optical Merger”). Mesh Optical designs and manufactures advanced optical devices, such as optical transceivers, to transmit data at high speeds across data centers. On July 6, 2026, the Company completed the Mesh Optical Merger for a total purchase consideration of $249 million in the Company’s Class A common stock. The Company recognized $158 million of goodwill from the Mesh Optical Merger related to the SI segment. The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The results of operations for this acquisition were not material to the combined results of operations of the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our final prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended on June 12, 2026 in connection with our initial public offering (the “Prospectus”), and “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Prospectus. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results or outcomes could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. You should review the section titled “Forward-Looking Statements” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the section titled “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026 and in the Prospectus for a discussion of factors that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Overview
We design, manufacture, launch, and operate products and services built on cutting-edge technologies, including the world’s most advanced rockets and spacecraft. We safely and reliably transport astronauts, satellites, and other payloads on missions that benefit life on Earth.
We have three reportable segments in our vertically integrated innovation engine: Space, Connectivity, and SI (formerly known as AI). In our Space segment, we design, manufacture, and launch reusable rockets to provide high cadence, reliable, and affordable access to space at scale. In our Connectivity segment, we have over 11,100 Starlink broadband and mobile satellites in Low-Earth Orbit. Our worldwide high-speed, low-latency broadband data and communications network delivers connectivity to millions of consumer, enterprise, and government customers across 174 countries, territories, and other markets. In our SI segment, we operate a vertically integrated SI platform that includes (i) SI infrastructure solutions, (ii) frontier LLM Grok, (iii) SI-assisted software engineering platform Cursor, and (iv) real-time information, entertainment, and free speech platform X.
Acquisitions
Cursor Merger
On June 16, 2026, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Cursor Merger Agreement") with Anysphere, Inc. ("Cursor") and X67 Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company ("Merger Sub"). On August 14, 2026 (the "Closing Date"), the Company completed the merger with Cursor (the "Cursor Merger"). The Cursor Merger is an extension of the Company’s strategy to vertically integrate compute infrastructure, SI models, and applications.
Pursuant to the Cursor Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Cursor, with Cursor surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. At the Closing Date, each share of Cursor's common stock and preferred stock outstanding immediately prior to the Closing Date was automatically converted into the right to receive shares of the Company's Class A common stock, plus cash in lieu of fractional shares. The conversion was based on an implied equity value of Cursor of $60.0 billion and the volume-weighted average closing price of the Company's Class A common stock over the seven consecutive trading days immediately preceding the closing of the Cursor Merger (“Exchange Ratio”), resulting in a purchase consideration of $42.5 billion. As part of the Cursor Merger Agreement, certain outstanding shares of Cursor common stock were converted to SpaceX equity awards with time-based vesting conditions in order to retain key talent, which are considered share-based compensation rather than purchase consideration. In addition, any outstanding, unvested equity awards held by Cursor employees prior to the Cursor Merger were assumed and converted into equivalent SpaceX awards based on the Exchange Ratio. For additional information regarding the acquisition, refer to Note 20 - Acquisitions, to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Evaluation of Potential Combination with Tesla, Inc.
As announced on our earnings call on October 20, 2026, our board of directors has formed a special committee to evaluate a potential combination between SpaceX and Tesla, Inc. ("Tesla"). The board of directors of Tesla has also formed a special committee. No determination by our special committee has been made regarding any potential combination, and any potential combination would be subject to further approval by our special committee, our board of directors and our controlling shareholder. There can be no assurance that any agreement will be reached or that any transaction will be consummated, and the special committee may determine not to proceed with recommending any transaction it does not believe to be in the best interests of our shareholders.
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Key Business Metrics
We use the following key business metrics to help evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.
Space
In our Space segment, we use mass to orbit and launches as key business metrics to measure our scale and throughput. Mass to orbit and launches generally grow more rapidly than Space segment revenue because these metrics include our internal constellation deployments from which we do not recognize inter-segment revenue.
Mass to Orbit: Mass to orbit is the total kilograms of payload that we deploy to orbit in a given period, and is a key indicator of SpaceX’s capacity and scalability that supports Space revenue and drives expansion across our Connectivity and SI segments. We calculate this metric by summing verified mass, including Starlink satellites, customer payloads, and development cargo, from all successful orbital and flight tests. This measure excludes failed or scrubbed attempts.
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in metric tons) | September 30, 2026 | September 30, 2025 | September 30, 2026 | September 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mass to orbit(1) | 476 | 525 | 1,517 | 1,627 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| of which, attributable to customer payloads | 119 | 111 | 251 | 274 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| of which, attributable to internal payloads | 358 | 415 | 1,266 | 1,353 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
__________________
(1)Amounts presented may not add up to the corresponding totals due to rounding.
Launches: Launches are a key measure of our operational scale, which in turn supports our revenue growth and mission to expand humanity’s presence in space. Launches in a period represent the sum of all successful orbital and flight tests across our rockets, including internal Starlink deployments, development tests, and launches for our third-party customers, and excluding any cancellations or scrubs that occurred in that period. We allocate a significant amount of launch capacity to our Connectivity segment, and expect to allocate a significant amount to our SI segment in the future. Our Space segment revenue only reflects our customer launches and customer activities.
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (number) | September 30, 2026 | September 30, 2025 | September 30, 2026 | September 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Falcon launches(1) | 33 | 43 | 110 | 124 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| of which, customer launches | 12 | 15 | 29 | 36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| of which, internal launches | 21 | 28 | 81 | 88 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Starship launches(1) | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
__________________
(1)We designate a launch as a “customer launch” if an external customer payload constitutes the primary payload (i.e., where the principal objective is to deliver the customer payload) and the mission parameters (e.g., launch window, orbital parameters, mission profile) are designed around the primary payload’s requirements. To date, all Starship launches have been classified as internal.
Connectivity
In our Connectivity segment, we view Starlink consumer subscribers and Starlink consumer ARPU as key business metrics to evaluate our growth and monetization.
Starlink Consumer Subscribers (previously referred to as Starlink Subscribers): We define a Starlink consumer subscriber as a unique service line that is directly assigned to a Starlink.com account registered to a person or entity that does not have a direct, negotiated agreement with the Starlink sales team. A service line is an individual instance of Starlink broadband internet service provisioned under a subscription plan, generally associated with a specific Starlink terminal or group of terminals, and billed according to Starlink’s service plans and terms of service. The number of service lines is distinct from the number of unique devices, account holders, end users or physical persons. An individual, household, or business may share a single service line among multiple end-users. Likewise, an individual, household, or business may maintain multiple service lines (e.g., both a residential service line and a separate roam service line, which would be defined as two separate service lines and therefore two Starlink consumer subscribers).
We use this measure to assess the adoption of Starlink as we expand within and across geographies and business segments. Starlink consumer subscribers includes both personal (e.g., residential and roam) and business (e.g., local priority and global priority)
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subscription plans, but does not include managed enterprise and government customers with contracts in domains including aviation, maritime, land mobility, fixed sites, and government entities. We calculate Starlink consumer subscribers for a period as the number of unique service lines at the end of the period.
| As of | ||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | September 30, 2026 | September 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Starlink consumer subscribers | 13.6 | 7.2 | ||||||||||||
Starlink Consumer ARPU: We calculate consumer ARPU as service revenue generated from Starlink consumer subscribers during the period divided by (i) the average number of Starlink consumer subscribers during the period and by (ii) the number of months in the period.
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars per month) | September 30, 2026 | September 30, 2025 | September 30, 2026 | September 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Starlink consumer ARPU | $69 | $83 | $67 | $84 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SI
In our SI segment, we use nameplate compute as a key business metric to assess our ability to deploy, scale, and monetize compute capacity.
Nameplate Compute: We calculate nameplate compute for a period as the number of GPUs installed in our data centers at the end of the period multiplied by their respective all-in power. Nameplate compute reflects installed capacity and does not represent actual power consumption or utilization. It does not include power we install and use for our supporting infrastructure such as cooling systems, power distribution losses, lighting, security systems, or facility-level overhead.
| As of | ||||||||||||||
| (in gigawatts) | September 30, 2026 | September 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Nameplate compute | 1.7 | 0.6 | ||||||||||||
Components of Results of Operations
Description of Our Segments
Space
Revenue - Space
Space segment generates revenue primarily through (i) Launch Services for the deployment of payloads to their intended orbits for both commercial and government customers utilizing Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy, and (ii) Launch and Development for the development of spacecraft and provision of launch and mission services for government agency space programs utilizing Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy, Starship, and Dragon. Launch Services revenue is derived from fixed-price contracts that range from one to five years. Launch and Development revenue is derived from fixed-price contracts that can range from one to fourteen years.
The Company recognizes Launch Services revenue at a point in time, due to the interchangeability of flight hardware and minimal unique engineering costs. Revenue and costs are deferred and not recognized until upon the launch or deployment of the customer’s payload to their intended orbit.
The Company recognizes Launch and Development revenue over time as the Company’s performance on the contract creates an asset with no alternative use and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance to date. The Company measures progress on these contracts using the cost-to-cost input method, which the Company believes represents the most appropriate measure towards satisfaction of its performance obligation.
For launches of our Starlink satellites, the Company does not recognize any inter-segment revenue, rather those launch costs are capitalized in satellites in Property, plant, and equipment, net. We allocate a significant amount of launch capacity to our Connectivity segment, and expect to allocate a significant amount to our SI segment in the future. Our Space segment revenue only reflects our customer launches and customer activities.
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Revenue from Launch Services recognized at point in time and revenue from Launch and Development recognized over time as a percentage of total Space segment revenue are as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Launch Services | 64.0 | % | 60.0 | % | 63.0 | % | 62.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Launch & Development | 36.0 | % | 40.0 | % | 37.0 | % | 37.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Space | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses - Space
Cost of Revenue
Space segment’s cost of revenue includes second stages flown related to the Company’s Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches, launch operations and overhead, depreciation (inclusive of booster, Merlin engine, and fairing depreciation), employee compensation costs (including salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation) for our operations teams, launch testing and overhead, engineering costs, inventory excess and obsolescence, shared costs incurred in the production of launch hardware, and ongoing product support.
Research and Development
Space segment’s research and development (“R&D”) expenses mainly relate to the development, build, and testing of Starship. Starship costs consist of test flight hardware, Raptor engines, employee compensation costs (including salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation), tooling and equipment expenses, depreciation for R&D equipment, and allocated overhead. R&D also includes certain expenses related to the development of features and modules created through engineering services for the Company’s Falcon vehicles, where the Company retains the associated intellectual property.
Selling, General, and Administrative
Space segment’s selling, general, and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses include allocated employee compensation costs (including salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation) for our sales, facilities, legal, finance, information technology, human resources, and other administrative employees, depreciation, and corporate aircraft costs.
Impairment
Space impairment includes impairment losses on fixed assets due to anomalies on the Company’s flight vehicles and launch sites, which occur outside our normal business operations.
Connectivity
Revenue - Connectivity
Connectivity segment generates revenue from (i) the broadband and mobile connectivity services provided through Starlink and (ii) the sale of the Starlink Kits (inclusive of the terminal). The Company provides connectivity services and Starlink Kits to consumers as well as enterprise and government customers.
The Company recognizes revenue from broadband and mobile connectivity services over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided. The Company generates service revenue from (i) fixed-price services that require advance or recurring monthly payments by the customer or (ii) variable-priced services based on actual data consumption. The amounts received from customers for advanced payments for broadband and mobile connectivity services are recognized either ratably over the subscription term or based on actual data consumption. The Company’s broadband contracts are generally month-to-month and the revenue recognized for these recurring consumer customers is equal to the amount billed in that month. The Company’s mobile connectivity agreements are generally multi-year contractual obligations that range from one to five years, although the customer can generally terminate at any time.
The Company recognizes revenue over time for certain contracts related to our Starshield business that are multi-year in nature. For revenue that is recognized over time, we use the cost-to-cost input method. The Company records revenue based upon costs (such as materials and labor hours) incurred to date relative to the total estimated cost at completion.
The Company records revenue for the Starlink Kit upon delivery to the customer, or in the instance of certain enterprise customers, when it is installed. Starlink Kit revenue is reported net of sales returns, credits, and chargebacks.
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Expenses - Connectivity
Cost of Revenue
Connectivity segment’s cost of revenue includes depreciation (inclusive of launch, satellite, and ground infrastructure costs), Starlink Kit costs, shipping and handling costs, ground operating expenses, employee compensation costs (including salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation) for our engineering and operations teams, payment processor fees, warranty expense, inventory excess and obsolescence, and customs and duties.
Research and Development
Connectivity segment’s R&D expenses mainly relate to the development, build, and testing of our next-generation satellites, Starlink Kits, and ground infrastructure. These costs include employee compensation costs (including salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation), contractor compensation expenses, equipment lease expenses, depreciation for R&D equipment, and allocated overhead.
Selling, General, and Administrative
Connectivity segment’s SG&A expenses include allocated employee compensation costs (including salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation) for our sales, facilities, legal, finance, information technology, human resources, and other administrative employees, licensing and regulatory fees, marketing expenses, depreciation, and bad debt expense.
SI
Revenue - SI
SI segment generates revenue from (i) the sale of ad products displayed on its X platform, and (ii) providing SI solutions and infrastructure, which includes subscription-related offerings for Grok, Cursor, and X products, data licensing arrangements, and API access to Grok models, as well as the sale of cloud services. Advertising services and certain SI solutions, including subscriptions, are offered to consumer and enterprise customers.
Revenue for advertising services is recognized in the period when advertising is delivered as evidenced by a person engaging with an ad on the Company’s platforms in a manner satisfying the types of engagement selected by the advertisers. The Company’s contract terms for advertising services are typically cancellable short-term arrangements. We experience seasonality in our advertising revenues. Overall advertising spend tends to be highest in the fourth quarter of each year due in large part to end-of-year advertiser spending and lowest in the first quarter of each year.
Revenue for SI solutions and infrastructure includes: (i) revenue from consumer subscriptions and enterprise plans for Grok, Cursor, and X, which is recognized ratably over the period of the subscription term (ranging from month-to-month to one year) or as services are consumed for usage based arrangements, including on-demand usage in excess of included or pre-committed amounts in the arrangement, (ii) data licensing revenue which is generally recognized ratably over the period (from month-to-month to two years) in which the Company provides data as the customer consumes and benefits from the use of the licensed data, (iii) revenue from providing API access to Grok models recognized ratably over the contract term (typically month-to-month or up to one year) for stand-ready access or as services are consumed for usage based arrangements, and (iv) revenue from cloud services based on a fixed monthly services fee which is recognized ratably over the contract term (typically three years and terminable by either party upon 90 days’ notice).
Expenses - SI
Cost of Revenue
SI segment’s cost of revenue includes infrastructure costs, revenue share expenses, payment processor fees, payments to creators, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and allocated labor and overhead costs. Infrastructure costs consist primarily of depreciation of servers and networking equipment, costs related to data center facilities, including lease and hosting costs, related support, maintenance, energy, and bandwidth costs, public cloud hosting costs, and employee compensation costs (including salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation) for our operations teams.
Research and Development
SI segment’s R&D expenses mainly relate to the training of Grok, our leading frontier model, development, build, and testing of our next-generation SI-enabled products and data center costs to train SI-enabled products. These costs include cloud computing expenses, employee compensation expenses (including salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation), power generation costs, and
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depreciation of data center assets, including processors, equipment lease expenses, and networking equipment. We expect SI segment R&D expenses to increase due to share-based compensation expense related to equity awards granted in connection with our acquisitions, including the Cursor Merger.
Selling, General, and Administrative
SI segment’s SG&A expenses consist primarily of employee compensation expenses (including salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation) for our sales, sales support, marketing, finance, legal, information technology, human resources and other administrative employees. In addition, SG&A expenses include fees and costs for professional services, including consulting, content moderation, third-party legal and accounting services and facilities costs and other supporting overhead costs that are not allocated to other departments. We expect SI segment’s SG&A expenses to increase due to share-based compensation expense related to equity awards granted in connection with our acquisitions, including the Cursor Merger.
Restructuring Charges
SI restructuring charges are the result of the acquisition of Twitter in October 2022 by X Holdings. The charges include workforce restructuring for former Twitter employees, as well as impairment and early termination penalties as a result of consolidation of Twitter’s various office leases.
Other Corporate Expenses
Interest Expense
Interest expense includes interest expense related to our borrowings, amortization of associated debt discount and issuance costs, undrawn fees, and finance leases. Interest expense is reflected net of capitalized interest.
Interest Income
Interest income includes interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, and dividend income from our investments in mutual funds.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net consists of gain or loss on digital assets, gain or loss on foreign currency transactions, gain or loss on our equity investments, and loss on extinguishment of debt.
Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes
The provision for (benefit from) income taxes consists primarily of income taxes in certain federal, state, local and foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business. Foreign jurisdictions typically have different statutory tax rates from those in the United States. Accordingly, our effective tax rates may vary depending on the relative proportion of foreign income to domestic income, generation of tax credits, changes in the valuation allowance of our net deferred tax assets, and changes in tax laws.
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Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026 and September 30, 2025
Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our consolidated financial statements data for the periods indicated:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | 2026 vs. 2025 Change | Nine Months Ended September 30, | 2026 vs. 2025 Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 14,575 | $ | 5,576 | $ | 8,999 | 161.4 | % | $ | 27,083 | $ | 13,714 | $ | 13,369 | 97.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 5,478 | 2,705 | 2,773 | 102.5 | % | 11,361 | 6,949 | 4,412 | 63.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 4,596 | 2,291 | 2,305 | 100.6 | % | 11,658 | 5,806 | 5,852 | 100.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative | 1,707 | 575 | 1,132 | 196.9 | % | 3,365 | 1,674 | 1,691 | 101.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges (credits) | 3 | 278 | (275) | (98.9) | % | (6) | 472 | (478) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment | — | — | — | NM | — | 29 | (29) | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | 11,784 | 5,849 | 5,935 | 101.5 | % | 26,378 | 14,930 | 11,448 | 76.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | 2,791 | (273) | 3,064 | NM | 705 | (1,216) | 1,921 | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (675) | (514) | (161) | 31.3 | % | (1,968) | (1,372) | (596) | 43.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 873 | 155 | 718 | 463.2 | % | 1,426 | 370 | 1,056 | 285.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | 1,025 | 140 | 885 | 632.1 | % | (937) | 342 | (1,279) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 4,014 | (492) | 4,506 | NM | (774) | (1,876) | 1,102 | (58.7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | (390) | 562 | (952) | NM | (361) | 714 | (1,075) | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 4,404 | $ | (1,054) | $ | 5,458 | NM | $ | (413) | $ | (2,590) | $ | 2,177 | (84.1) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_________________
NM — Absolute percentage comparisons from positive to negative values or to zero values are considered not meaningful.
Revenue
Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $8,999 million, or 161.4%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was due to an increase in revenue from our SI segment of $6,747 million primarily from the SI infrastructure contracts and additional revenue recognized from Cursor following our acquisition, an increase in revenue from our Connectivity segment of $2,151 million as our Starlink consumer subscribers and enterprise and government customer base continued to grow, as well as an increase in revenue from our Space segment of $101 million primarily driven by a favorable customer mix.
Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $13,369 million, or 97.5%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increase was driven by an increase in revenue from our SI segment of $8,661 million primarily from the SI infrastructure contracts and additional revenue recognized from Cursor following our acquisition, and an increase in revenue from our Connectivity segment of $4,637 million as our Starlink consumer subscribers and enterprise and government customer base continued to grow.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $2,773 million, or 102.5%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was due to a $2,104 million increase in costs in our SI segment primarily due to an increase in infrastructure costs allocated to cost of revenue due to new SI infrastructure revenue contracts and an increase in amortization expense from the intangible assets acquired in the Cursor Merger, an increase in costs in our Connectivity segment of $711 million driven primarily by an increase in depreciation related to the number of satellites placed into orbit and a higher volume of Starlink Kits delivered to customers as our Connectivity revenue grew, partially offset by a decrease in our Space segment of $42 million due to fewer customer launches.
Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $4,412 million, or 63.5%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was driven by a $2,663 million increase in costs in our SI segment primarily due to an increase in infrastructure costs allocated to cost of revenue due to new SI infrastructure revenue contracts and an increase in amortization expense from the intangible assets acquired in the Cursor Merger, an increase in costs in our Connectivity segment of $1,808 million driven primarily by an increase in depreciation related to the number of satellites placed into orbit and a higher volume
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of Starlink Kits delivered to customers as our Connectivity revenue grew, partially offset by a decrease in our Space segment of $59 million due to fewer customer launches.
Research and Development
Research and development expense for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $2,305 million, or 100.6%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily due to higher costs in our SI segment of $1,882 million driven by an increase in share-based compensation expense related to replacement equity awards granted as part of our acquisitions, including the Cursor Merger, and higher infrastructure and cloud computing costs as our investment in data center infrastructure expands, and higher costs from our Space segment of $376 million driven by increased investment in our Starship vehicle and related facilities.
Research and development expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $5,852 million, or 100.8%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily due to higher costs in our SI segment of $4,409 million driven by an increase in share-based compensation expense related to replacement equity awards granted as part of our acquisitions including the Cursor Merger, and higher infrastructure and cloud computing costs as a result of our SI data center expansions, and higher costs from our Space segment of $1,162 million driven by increased investment in our Starship vehicle and related facilities.
Selling, General, and Administrative
Selling, general, and administrative expense for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $1,132 million, or 196.9%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was due to higher costs for our SI segment of $883 million primarily driven by higher overall employee compensation expenses, including share-based compensation expense related to replacement equity awards granted as part of our acquisitions including the Cursor Merger, and an increase in costs for our Connectivity segment of $216 million primarily driven by an increase in marketing costs.
Selling, general, and administrative expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $1,691 million, or 101.0%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was due to higher costs for our SI segment of $1,180 million primarily driven by higher overall employee compensation expenses, including share-based compensation expense related to replacement equity awards granted as part of our acquisitions including the Cursor Merger, and higher costs of $484 million in our Connectivity segment primarily driven by marketing costs.
Restructuring Charges (Credits)
Restructuring charges (credits) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 decreased by $275 million and $478 million, respectively, compared to the corresponding prior year periods primarily due to a change in estimated settlement amounts in 2025 for former Twitter employees as part of the workforce reduction program implemented in 2022.
Income (Loss) from Operations
Income from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $3,064 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025, and income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $1,921 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025 driven by the factors described above.
Interest Expense
Interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $161 million, or 31.3%, and $596 million, or 43.4%, respectively, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily due to additional debt raised by the Company and by xAI prior to its merger with the Company, and other financing arrangements entered into during the last quarter of 2025 and nine months ended September 30, 2026 by our SI segment.
Interest Income
Interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $718 million, or 463.2%, and $1,056 million, or 285.4%, respectively, compared to the prior periods primarily due to an increase in interest income earned from cash equivalents and marketable securities following the deployment of proceeds from the IPO and the SpaceX Notes issuance at the end of June 2026.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $885 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily due to unrealized gain on investments in unconsolidated affiliates and gain on digital assets.
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Other income (expense), net for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 decreased by $1,279 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This decrease was primarily due to the loss on extinguishment of debt and an unfavorable change in unrealized loss on digital assets, partially offset by unrealized gain on investments in unconsolidated affiliates .
Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes
Provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 decreased by $952 million and $1,075 million, respectively, compared to the prior periods primarily due to a partial release in valuation allowance related to deferred tax liabilities recognized in connection with the acquisitions during 2026.
Based on the Company’s current and anticipated future earnings, the Company believes there is a reasonable possibility that sufficient positive evidence may become available in the foreseeable future to support the release of a significant portion of the valuation allowance on its U.S. deferred tax assets. A release would result in the recognition of certain deferred tax assets and a material income tax benefit in the period of release. The timing and amount of any such release are subject to the Company’s actual operating results and ongoing assessment of available evidence.
Net Income (Loss)
Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $5,458 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025, and net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 decreased by $2,177 million, or 84.1%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025 driven by the factors described above.
Segment Results
Space
| Three Months Ended September 30, | 2026 vs. 2025 Change | Nine Months Ended September 30, | 2026 vs. 2025 Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 1,767 | $ | 1,666 | $ | 101 | 6.1 | % | $ | 3,348 | $ | 3,277 | $ | 71 | 2.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 435 | 477 | (42) | (8.8) | % | 1,045 | 1,104 | (59) | (5.3) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 1,225 | 849 | 376 | 44.3 | % | 3,231 | 2,069 | 1,162 | 56.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative | 114 | 81 | 33 | 40.7 | % | 283 | 256 | 27 | 10.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment | — | — | — | NM | — | 29 | (29) | NM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | $ | 1,774 | $ | 1,407 | $ | 367 | 26.1 | % | $ | 4,559 | $ | 3,458 | $ | 1,101 | 31.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | $ | (7) | $ | 259 | $ | (266) | NM | $ | (1,211) | $ | (181) | $ | (1,030) | 569.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_________________
NM — Absolute percentage comparisons from positive to negative values or to zero values are considered not meaningful.
Revenue
Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $101 million, or 6.1%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in Launch Services revenue of $130 million due to a favorable customer mix shift despite the decrease in customer launches. This was partially offset by a decrease in Launch and Development revenue of $29 million primarily due to timing of work performed on government contracts.
Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $71 million, or 2.2%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in Launch Services revenue of $52 million due to a favorable customer mix shift despite the decrease in customer launches and an increase in Launch and Development revenue of $19 million primarily due to timing of work performed on government contracts.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 decreased by $42 million, or 8.8%, and $59 million, or 5.3%, respectively, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. This decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in customer launches, partially offset by an increase in production related costs.
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Research and Development
Research and development for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $376 million, or 44.3%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily driven by higher production and engineering costs of $313 million and higher launch and test costs of $63 million to support continued development of the Starship vehicle.
Research and development for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $1,162 million, or 56.2%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily driven by higher production and engineering costs of $964 million and higher launch and test costs of $198 million to support continued development of the Starship vehicle.
Selling, General, and Administrative
Selling, general, and administrative for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $33 million, or 40.7%, and $27 million, or 10.5%, respectively, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily due to higher allocated general corporate and administrative overhead costs.
Income (Loss) from Operations
Space loss from operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $266 million and $1,030 million, respectively, compared to the prior periods driven by the factors described above.
Connectivity
| Three Months Ended September 30, | 2026 vs. 2025 Change | Nine Months Ended September 30, | 2026 vs. 2025 Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 5,248 | $ | 3,097 | $ | 2,151 | 69.5 | % | $ | 12,796 | $ | 8,159 | $ | 4,637 | 56.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 2,368 | 1,657 | 711 | 42.9 | % | 6,079 | 4,271 | 1,808 | 42.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 188 | 141 | 47 | 33.3 | % | 687 | 406 | 281 | 69.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative | 325 | 109 | 216 | 198.2 | % | 819 | 335 | 484 | 144.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | $ | 2,881 | $ | 1,907 | $ | 974 | 51.1 | % | $ | 7,585 | $ | 5,012 | $ | 2,573 | 51.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 2,367 | $ | 1,190 | $ | 1,177 | 98.9 | % | $ | 5,211 | $ | 3,147 | $ | 2,064 | 65.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue
Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $2,151 million, or 69.5%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $1,135 million in revenue from our consumer subscribers, driven by 88.9% growth in Starlink consumer subscribers and a 16.9% decline in Starlink consumer ARPU as we expanded internationally and added lower-priced service plans, as well as an increase of $1,016 million in our enterprise and government business, primarily driven by additional aircraft activations.
Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $4,637 million, or 56.8%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $2,556 million in revenue from our consumer subscribers, driven by 88.9% growth in Starlink consumer subscribers and a 20.2% decline in Starlink consumer ARPU as we expanded internationally and added lower-priced service plans, as well as an increase of $2,081 million in our aviation, maritime, and other enterprise and government businesses.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $711 million, or 42.9%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was due to (i) higher volume of Starlink Kits delivered to customers of $222 million to support our Connectivity revenue growth, (ii) higher operating expenses of $212 million mainly driven by customer support and installation costs of $48 million, warranty costs of $40 million, and ground operating costs of $31 million, and (iii) higher depreciation of $160 million primarily from capitalized launch and satellite costs.
Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $1,808 million, or 42.3%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was due to (i) higher depreciation of $565 million primarily from capitalized launch and satellite costs, (ii) higher volume of Starlink Kits delivered to customers of $539 million to support our Connectivity revenue growth,
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and (iii) higher operating expenses of $507 million mainly driven by customer support and installation costs of $137 million, ground operating costs of $119 million, and payment processor fees of $57 million.
Research and Development
Research and development for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $47 million, or 33.3%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily due to increased spend on Starlink Kits of $16 million, ground equipment of $10 million, and our next-generation development of satellites of $7 million.
Research and development for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $281 million, or 69.2%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily due to increased spend on our next-generation development of satellites of $131 million, ground equipment of $51 million, and Starlink Kits of $40 million.
Selling, General, and Administrative
Selling, general, and administrative for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $216 million, or 198.2%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily driven by higher marketing costs of $119 million, higher bad debt expense of $36 million, and higher international expansion costs of $16 million.
Selling, general, and administrative for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $484 million, or 144.5%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily driven by higher marketing costs of $310 million, higher international expansion costs of $43 million, and higher sales and property taxes of $32 million.
Income from Operations
Connectivity income from operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $1,177 million, or 98.9%, and $2,064 million, or 65.6%, respectively, compared to the prior periods driven by the factors described above.
SI
| Three Months Ended September 30, | 2026 vs. 2025 Change | Nine Months Ended September 30, | 2026 vs. 2025 Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 7,560 | $ | 813 | $ | 6,747 | 829.9 | % | $ | 10,939 | $ | 2,278 | $ | 8,661 | 380.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 2,675 | 571 | 2,104 | 368.5 | % | 4,237 | 1,574 | 2,663 | 169.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 3,183 | 1,301 | 1,882 | 144.7 | % | 7,740 | 3,331 | 4,409 | 132.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative | 1,268 | 385 | 883 | 229.4 | % | 2,263 | 1,083 | 1,180 | 109.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges (credits) | 3 | 278 | (275) | (98.9) | % | (6) | 472 | (478) | NM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | $ | 7,129 | $ | 2,535 | $ | 4,594 | 181.2 | % | $ | 14,234 | $ | 6,460 | $ | 7,774 | 120.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | $ | 431 | $ | (1,722) | $ | 2,153 | NM | $ | (3,295) | $ | (4,182) | $ | 887 | (21.2) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_________________
NM — Absolute percentage comparisons from positive to negative values or to zero values are considered not meaningful.
Revenue
Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $6,747 million, or 829.9%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025 due to the increase in SI solutions and infrastructure revenue of $6,663 million and an increase in advertising revenue of $84 million. The increase in SI solutions and infrastructure was primarily due to an increase in revenue from offering cloud services to customers for the full period and signing additional contracts during the period, $608 million of revenue from Cursor following our acquisition in mid-August 2026, and an increase in Grok and X subscription revenue. The increase in advertising revenue was primarily driven by growth in self-serve advertising and higher demand from financial services, technology, and gaming advertisers.
Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $8,661 million, or 380.2%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025 due to the increase in SI solutions and infrastructure revenue of $8,736 million, partially offset by decrease in advertising revenue of $75 million. The increase in SI solutions and infrastructure was primarily due to an increase in SI infrastructure revenue as we began to offer cloud services to customers during the second quarter of 2026, $608 million of revenue from Cursor following our acquisition in August 2026, and an increase in Grok and X subscription revenue. The decrease in advertising revenue was due to the Company’s transition to a new advertising platform which impacted ad sales for a short period of time.
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Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $2,104 million, or 368.5%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in infrastructure and cloud computing costs of $1,847 million due to more compute costs being allocated to cost of revenue as our SI infrastructure revenue increased and additional costs from Cursor following the Cursor Merger, an increase in amortization expense of $143 million from the intangible assets acquired in the Cursor Merger, and an increase in payment processor fees of $49 million.
Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $2,663 million, or 169.2%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in infrastructure and cloud computing costs of $2,233 million due to more costs being allocated to cost of revenue as our SI infrastructure revenue increased and additional costs from Cursor following the Cursor Merger, an increase in revenue share and content creator fees of $151 million, an increase in amortization expense of intangible assets of $143 million following the Cursor Merger, and an increase in payment processor fees of $104 million, partially offset by a decrease in overall employee compensation expenses (including salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation) of $21 million.
Research and Development
Research and development for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $1,882 million, or 144.7%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily due to an increase in share-based compensation expense of $1,022 million related to replacement equity awards granted as part of our acquisitions including the Cursor Merger and higher infrastructure and cloud computing costs of $350 million.
Research and development for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $4,409 million, or 132.4%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily due to higher infrastructure and cloud computing costs of $2,092 million, an increase in share-based compensation expense of $1,022 million related to replacement equity awards granted as part of our acquisitions including the Cursor Merger, and higher overall employee compensation expenses (including salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation) of $685 million associated with the continued build out of our compute infrastructure.
Selling, General, and Administrative
Selling, general, and administrative for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $883 million, or 229.4%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily due to higher overall employee compensation expenses (including salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation) of $597 million as we continue to expand our SI business, an increase in share-based compensation expense of $189 million related to replacement equity awards granted as part of our acquisitions including the Cursor Merger, an increase in marketing costs of $47 million, and an increase in amortization expense of intangible assets of $32 million following the Cursor Merger.
Selling, general, and administrative for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $1,180 million, or 109.0%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This increase was primarily due to higher overall employee compensation expenses (including salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation) of $889 million as we continue to expand our SI business, an increase in share-based compensation expense of $189 million related to replacement equity awards granted as part of our acquisitions including the Cursor Merger, an increase in marketing costs of $51 million, and an increase in amortization expense of intangible assets of $32 million following the Cursor Merger.
Restructuring Charges (Credits)
Restructuring charges (credits) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 decreased by $275 million and $478 million, respectively, compared to the prior periods. This decrease was primarily due to a change in estimated settlement amounts in 2025 for former Twitter employees as part of the workforce reduction program implemented in 2022.
Income (Loss) from Operations
SI income from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2026 increased by $2,153 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025 driven by the factors described above.
SI loss from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 decreased by $887 million, or 21.2%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025 driven by the factors described above.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Management believes that certain financial measures that are not presented in accordance with GAAP provide management and investors with useful supplemental information that provides a meaningful view of our financial condition and results of operations across periods by removing the impact of items that management believes do not directly reflect our ongoing operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA and Segment Adjusted EBITDA are supplemental measures that are not required by or presented in accordance with GAAP. In evaluating our performance as measured by Adjusted EBITDA and Segment Adjusted EBITDA, management recognizes and considers the limitations of these measures. Other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA and Segment Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do or may not calculate them at all, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA and Segment Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income (loss), income (loss) from operations, or any other measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, and should be considered together with our GAAP financial measures and the reconciliations to the corresponding most directly comparable GAAP financial measures set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) excluding (i) depreciation and amortization, (ii) share-based compensation, (iii) share-based compensation related to equity awards granted in connection with our acquisitions, (iv) acquisition-related costs which include direct transaction costs related to legal, regulatory, and other professional services fees, (v) restructuring charges, (vi) impairments, (vii) interest expense, (viii) interest income, (ix) other income (expense), net and (x) provision for (benefit from) income taxes.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA is defined as segment income (loss) from operations excluding (i) depreciation and amortization, (ii) share-based compensation, (iii) share-based compensation related to equity awards granted in connection with our acquisitions, (iv) acquisition-related costs which include direct transaction costs related to legal, regulatory, and other professional services fees, (v) restructuring charges, and (vi) impairments.
Adjusted EBITDA and Segment Adjusted EBITDA are key performance measures that our management uses to assess our financial performance as well as for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We consider Adjusted EBITDA and Segment Adjusted EBITDA to be meaningful performance measures for investors to evaluate our operating performance and to compare the financial results between periods.
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of Net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to Adjusted EBITDA:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 4,404 | $ | (1,054) | $ | (413) | $ | (2,590) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add (deduct): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 3,644 | 1,814 | 8,934 | 4,784 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation(1) | 1,146 | 350 | 2,616 | 1,044 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation related to acquisitions | 1,217 | — | 1,217 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition-related costs | 8 | — | 8 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges (credits) | 3 | 278 | (6) | 472 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairments | — | — | — | 29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 675 | 514 | 1,968 | 1,372 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | (873) | (155) | (1,426) | (370) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | (1,025) | (140) | 937 | (342) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | (390) | 562 | (361) | 714 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 8,809 | $ | 2,169 | $ | 13,474 | $ | 5,113 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
__________________
(1)Share-based compensation expense excludes share-based compensation related to equity awards granted in connection with acquisitions, which is separately presented
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The following table sets forth a reconciliation of Income (loss) from operations for each segment, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to Segment Adjusted EBITDA:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | Space | Connectivity | SI | Total Reportable Segments | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | $ | (7) | $ | 2,367 | $ | 431 | $ | 2,791 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Add: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 185 | 986 | 2,473 | 3,644 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation(1) | 179 | 146 | 821 | 1,146 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation related to acquisitions | — | — | 1,217 | 1,217 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition-related costs | — | — | 8 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | — | — | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 357 | $ | 3,499 | $ | 4,953 | $ | 8,809 | ||||||||||||||||||
__________________
(1)Share-based compensation expense excludes share-based compensation related to equity awards granted in connection with acquisitions, which is separately presented
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | Space | Connectivity | SI | Total Reportable Segments | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | $ | (1,211) | $ | 5,211 | $ | (3,295) | $ | 705 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Add: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 509 | 2,574 | 5,851 | 8,934 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation(1) | 503 | 398 | 1,715 | 2,616 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation related to acquisitions | — | — | 1,217 | 1,217 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition-related costs | — | — | 8 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges (credits) | — | — | (6) | (6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (199) | $ | 8,183 | $ | 5,490 | $ | 13,474 | ||||||||||||||||||
__________________
(1)Share-based compensation expense excludes share-based compensation related to equity awards granted in connection with acquisitions, which is separately presented
| Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | Space | Connectivity | SI | Total Reportable Segments | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | 259 | 1,190 | (1,722) | (273) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 264 | 628 | 922 | 1,814 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 151 | 105 | 94 | 350 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | — | — | 278 | 278 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Adjusted EBITDA | 674 | 1,923 | (428) | 2,169 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | Space | Connectivity | SI | Total Reportable Segments | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | (181) | 3,147 | (4,182) | (1,216) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 572 | 1,706 | 2,506 | 4,784 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 383 | 270 | 391 | 1,044 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | — | — | 472 | 472 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment | 29 | — | — | 29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Adjusted EBITDA | 803 | 5,123 | (813) | 5,113 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe that our existing sources of liquidity and other financing activities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next twelve months. As of September 30, 2026, our primary sources of liquidity consisted of our cash flows from operations, total cash and cash equivalents of $51,294 million, and short-term marketable securities of $38,561 million, as supplemented by $5,000 million available to borrow under the SpaceX Credit Facility and $250 million available to borrow under the xAI Revolving Line of Credit.
We continually evaluate our liquidity and capital resources in connection with, among other things, our increased investments in SI infrastructure and initiatives, as well as the continued development of our Starship vehicle and related facilities. From time to time, we may seek to raise additional capital through debt or other financing arrangements to fund the rapid growth of our business. Our future capital needs may vary significantly based on the pace and scale of such growth initiatives, and could be affected by, among other things, changes in market conditions, technology requirements, or competitive dynamics. Additionally, we may, from time to time, consider acquiring or investing in complementary businesses, products, services, capital infrastructure, and technologies, which could affect our liquidity requirements or cause us to seek additional financing. There can be no assurance that additional financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. In addition, economic conditions and actions by policymaking bodies may contribute to fluctuations in interest rates and significant capital markets volatility, which, together with any increases in our borrowing levels, could increase our future borrowing costs. Any projections of future cash needs and cash flows are subject to substantial uncertainty and may depend on many factors, including, without limitation, those set forth in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026 and in the Prospectus.
Debt Agreements
As of September 30, 2026, we and our subsidiaries had outstanding $38,006 million in aggregate principal amount of indebtedness and no material debt principal payments are due until July 15, 2031 under SpaceX Notes. For details regarding our indebtedness, refer to Note 9 - Debt of our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
SpaceX Notes
In June 2026, SpaceX issued senior unsecured notes with The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A, as trustee, in an aggregate principal amount of $25,000 million (“SpaceX Notes”). The SpaceX Notes have five tranches maturing on July 15, 2031, July 15, 2033, July 15, 2036, July 15, 2046, and July 15, 2056 with a weighted-average maturity of 11.7 years. SpaceX Notes are unsecured obligations of the Company and rank equally in right of payment with all existing and future unsubordinated indebtedness, liabilities and other obligations of the Company. The proceeds of the SpaceX Notes were used to repay the SpaceX Bridge Loan (as defined and described in Note 9, Debt of our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q) in full and to pay related fees and expenses. The remaining proceeds were used for general corporate purposes.
The SpaceX Notes bear annual coupon interests between 5.350% and 6.650% with a weighted-average coupon interest rate of 5.855%. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on January 15, 2027.
SpaceX Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time and from time to time prior to the applicable Par Call Date, which is defined as a date ranging from one to six months prior to maturity for each tranche. The redemption price of each tranche is equal to the greater of (i) (a) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest thereon discounted to the redemption date (assuming the respective tranche matured on the applicable Par Call Date) on a semi-annual basis at the Treasury Rate plus the applicable spread between 20 and 30 basis points for such tranche less (b) interest accrued and unpaid thereon to the date of redemption, and (ii) 100% of the principal amount of the SpaceX Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to, but excluding, the redemption date. On or after the applicable Par Call Date, SpaceX
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Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the respective SpaceX Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest.
The SpaceX Notes contain customary events of default and affirmative and negative covenants, including restrictions on additional liens in excess of 7.5% of the Company’s consolidated total assets and fundamental changes (which is limited to a merger where the Company is not the surviving entity outside certain jurisdictions).
SpaceX Credit Facility
In February 2025, SpaceX entered into a five-year senior unsecured revolving credit agreement with a syndicate of banks, under which the Company may borrow up to $1,500 million (“SpaceX Credit Facility”). The SpaceX Credit Facility is subject to certain customary representations, warranties, covenants, and events of default, including a maximum financial covenant requiring the Company to maintain a Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the SpaceX Credit Facility) of no greater than 3.75 to 1.0 as of the end of each fiscal quarter (subject to temporary increases to 4.25 to 1.0 following certain qualified acquisitions) and other customary reporting requirements. The SpaceX Credit Facility also includes sublimits of up to $150 million for financial letters of credit and up to $1,000 million for performance letters of credit. The SpaceX Credit Facility was scheduled to terminate, and for all outstanding loans to become due and payable, on February 7, 2030. As of September 30, 2026, no amounts were outstanding under the SpaceX Credit Facility.
Borrowings under the SpaceX Credit Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a rate per annum equal to (i) a forward-looking term rate based on SOFR (“Term SOFR”) plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.75% and 1.25% (depending on the Company’s debt rating), or (ii) a base rate equal to the highest of (a) Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, (b) the Prime Rate, (c) Term SOFR plus 1.00%, and (d) 1.00% plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.0% and 0.25% (depending on the Company’s debt rating). The Company may also borrow in various alternative currencies, with interest calculated at rates based on SONIA for Pound Sterling-denominated loans and EURIBOR for Euro-denominated loans, plus an applicable margin. In addition, the Company pays a commitment fee on the unused portion of the SpaceX Credit Facility, which ranges from 0.07% (amended to 0.06% under the Amended SpaceX Credit Facility described below) to 0.11% per annum based on the Company’s debt rating. As of September 30, 2026, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the SpaceX Credit Facility.
In March 2026, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Credit Agreement and Waiver (the “First Amendment”) with its lenders, in connection with the Company’s entry into the SpaceX Bridge Loan (as defined below). The First Amendment, among other things, (i) waived certain specified defaults and (ii) amended certain definitions and covenants under the SpaceX Credit Facility to conform to the terms of the SpaceX Bridge Loan.
In May 2026, SpaceX amended the SpaceX Credit Facility to increase the borrowing capacity up to $5,000 million (“Amended SpaceX Credit Facility”). As part of the Amended SpaceX Credit Facility, the sublimit for performance letters of credit was increased to $2,000 million. The Amended SpaceX Credit Facility terminates, and all outstanding loans become due and payable, on May 19, 2031, unless the parties agree to an extension in accordance with the terms of the Amended SpaceX Credit Facility. All other terms were consistent with the terms of the SpaceX Credit Facility.
Material Cash Commitments
From time to time in the ordinary course of business, we enter into agreements with suppliers for the purchase of parts and raw materials to manufacture our products. However, due to contractual terms, variability in the precise growth curves of our development and production ramps, and opportunities to renegotiate pricing, these contracts generally do not have long-term binding and enforceable purchase orders, and the timing and magnitude of purchase orders beyond the short term is difficult to accurately project. Because we do not have long-term purchase orders for these parts and raw materials, future purchases may result in material cash commitments.
We did not have any material changes in our material cash commitments during the three months ended September 30, 2026 other than activities in the ordinary course of business and as noted below. For additional information about our material cash commitments, refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Material Cash Commitments” in our Prospectus and Note 16 - Commitments and Contingencies of our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Spectrum Transaction
On September 7, 2025, the Company entered into a License Purchase Agreement (the “Spectrum License Purchase Agreement”) with Spectrum Business Trust 2025-1, a Nevada Business Trust (“Trust”) and EchoStar Corporation (“EchoStar”) for the purchase of EchoStar’s licenses related to 50 MHz of spectrum (the “AWS-4 and H-Block Licenses” and the transactions contemplated thereby, “Spectrum Transaction”). On November 5, 2025 the parties amended and restated the Spectrum License Purchase Agreement to
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include EchoStar’s licenses for up to 15 MHz of additional unpaired AWS-3 spectrum (together with the AWS-4 and H-Block Licenses, the “Spectrum Licenses”).
The total consideration for the acquisition of the Spectrum Licenses is approximately $19.6 billion, consisting of (i) approximately $11.1 billion in equity, payable through the issuance of approximately 261.8 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at a fixed value of $42.40 per share, and (ii) up to $8.5 billion related to the payoff of designated EchoStar debt, with any shortfall below $8.5 billion to be paid in cash. The allocation of cash and equity consideration is subject to certain adjustments based on the amount of EchoStar debt satisfied at or prior to closing. The Spectrum License Purchase Agreement provides that the transfer of the Spectrum Licenses occurs in two steps: first, the transfer of the Spectrum Licenses by EchoStar to the Trust (the “Spectrum Transfer Closing”), and second, the Spectrum Licenses will be transferred by the Trust to the Company (the “Spectrum Acquisition Closing”). The Foreign Assets will be transferred directly to the Company at the Spectrum Acquisition Closing, to the extent the required regulatory approvals have been obtained by such date; provided, however, that the failure to obtain such approvals will not delay or prevent the Spectrum Acquisition Closing.
In connection with the Spectrum License Purchase Agreement, the Company and the Trust entered into a credit agreement (the “Spectrum Credit Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company has agreed upon the Spectrum Transfer Closing, to make payments to the Trust (via loans which are contemplated to be forgiven at six-month intervals), for the Trust to make payments on EchoStar’s debt (interest only) through at least November 30, 2027, but in no event later than November 30, 2028. Although these payments are structured as loans from the Company to the Trust, there is no expectation of repayment as the loan payments are forgiven and are accounted for as additional consideration for the acquisition of the Spectrum Licenses. Accordingly, the payments are recognized as prepaid assets until the Spectrum Acquisition Closing at which point they will be recognized as intangible assets. Total payments expected to be made under the Spectrum Credit Agreement are $1,241 million in 2026, of which $856 million was paid as of September 30, 2026, and $828 million in 2027, assuming an expected closing date of November 30, 2027. The Company may need to make additional payments totaling $827 million if the Spectrum Acquisition Closing occurs at November 30, 2028.
The Spectrum Transaction was approved by the Federal Communications Commission on May 12, 2026, and the Spectrum Transfer Closing occurred on May 22, 2026. On that date, the Spectrum Licenses were transferred to the Trust, where they will remain until the Spectrum Acquisition Closing. Upon closing, the Company intends to either use cash and cash equivalents on hand or seek alternative financing sources to fund the cash payment to EchoStar. The $11.1 billion equity consideration will be issued at the Spectrum Acquisition Closing.
Summary of Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | 13,097 | $ | 4,120 | ||||||||||||||||
| Investing activities | $ | (84,611) | $ | (12,997) | ||||||||||||||||
| Financing activities | $ | 99,819 | $ | 9,440 | ||||||||||||||||
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $8,977 million from $4,120 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 to $13,097 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2026. This increase was primarily driven by higher net income exclusive of non-cash items and an increase in working capital for deferred revenue of $4,518 million from upfront payments from our Space and Connectivity customers, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable of $1,948 million, a decrease in accounts payable of $1,638 million, and an increase in inventory of $1,003 million as we scale our Starlink Kit production.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities increased by $71,614 million from $12,997 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 to $84,611 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2026. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in purchases of marketable securities of $46,233 million from cash proceeds received from the IPO and the SpaceX Notes and an increase in capital expenditures of $34,223 million related to the build out of data centers and related infrastructure as well as space launch facilities and related infrastructure. This increase was partially offset by an increase in cash received from matured marketable securities of $8,610 million and product rebates of $1,372 million received for our servers and networking equipment.
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Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities increased by $90,379 million from $9,440 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 to $99,819 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2026. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in proceeds from our IPO of $85,675 million and an increase in proceeds from the SpaceX Notes and other financing arrangements of $40,887 million, partially offset by an increase in the repayment of debt and other existing debt obligations of $33,831 million from the repayment of the SpaceX Bridge Loan.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. Under this method, the assets acquired, including intangible assets that can be identified, and liabilities assumed are recognized based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. Given substantially all of our acquisitions are related to the SI segment, the value of the companies we acquire are concentrated in their existing technology. Determining the fair value of existing technology of the acquired company requires significant estimates and assumptions, including items such as projected revenue, obsolescence rate, royalty rate, discount rate, economic useful life of assets, and tax rates. Although the Company believes these estimates are based on reasonable assumptions, they are based, in part, on historical experience and information obtained from the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain, and therefore actual results may differ.
Except as described above, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended September 30, 2026. For more information about our critical accounting policies and estimates, refer to the section “Critical Accounting Estimates” in our Prospectus.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
In the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we issued the new SpaceX Notes and repaid the SpaceX Bridge Loan. The effective interest rate on the SpaceX Notes was 6.07% as of September 30, 2026. As of September 30, 2026, we had no variable rate debt outstanding.
Except as described above, there have been no material changes to our market risk exposures during the three months ended September 30, 2026. For more information about our market risk, please see the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Prospectus.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of September 30, 2026 (the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2026, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2026, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
SEC regulations require disclosure of certain proceedings under environmental laws to which a governmental authority is a party, unless the Company reasonably believes the proceeding will result in monetary sanctions, exclusive of interest and costs, below $1 million, the threshold the Company has elected to apply. In August 2026, the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (“MDEQ”) issued notices of violation to MZX Tech LLC alleging that land-disturbing construction activities at sites occurred prior to coverage under Mississippi’s Large Construction Stormwater General Permit. MDEQ is seeking civil penalties of up to $25,000 per day, with preliminary claimed exposure of approximately $6.1 million across three sites. The Company is cooperating with MDEQ and is in discussions to resolve the matters through a single agreed order.
We are involved in the legal proceedings described in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingencies, and we are subject to other claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. The outcome of any litigation is inherently uncertain, and if decided adversely to us, or if we determine that settlement of particular litigation is appropriate, we may be subject to liability that could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Certain factors that may affect the Company's business or operations are described under "Risk Factors" in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026, and under the section titled "Risk Factors" in the Prospectus. There have been no material changes to our risk factors from the risk factors previously disclosed in such Quarterly Report and the Prospectus.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Other than as reported by the Company on a Current Report on Form 8-K and as described below, no sales of unregistered equity securities occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2026.
On July 6, 2026, the Company completed the Mesh Optical Merger for a total purchase consideration of $249 million in the Company’s Class A common stock. The transaction was exempt from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
Use of Initial Public Offering Proceeds
On June 11, 2026, our registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-296070) relating to our IPO was declared effective by the SEC. There has been no material change in the expected use of the net proceeds from our IPO as described in the Prospectus and our other periodic reports previously filed with the SEC.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements
During the three months ended September 30, 2026, none of the Company’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).
Submission of Shareholder Proposals and Shareholder Director Nominations for the 2027 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
In accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act (“Rule 14a-8”) and the Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”) of the Company, the deadlines for the receipt of any shareholder proposals and director nominations to be considered at the 2027 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “2027 Annual Meeting”) are set forth below.
Any shareholder proposal submitted pursuant to Rule 14a-8 for inclusion in the Company’s proxy materials for the 2027 Annual Meeting should be sent via email to [email protected] or by mail to 1 Rocket Road, Hawthorne, California 90250, Attn: Legal Department and must be received by our corporate secretary no later than the close of business on December 29, 2026. Any
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such proposal also needs to comply with the SEC shareholder proposal rules and any applicable law, including the eligibility requirements set forth in Rule 14a-8 and Section 21.373 of the Texas Business Organizations Code.
In addition, any shareholder seeking to nominate a director or to bring other business before the 2027 Annual Meeting outside of Rule 14a-8 under the advance notice provisions included in the Bylaws must provide timely notice, as set forth in the Bylaws. Specifically, written notice of any such proposed business or nomination should be sent via email to [email protected] or by mail to 1 Rocket Road, Hawthorne, California 90250, Attn: Legal Department and must be received by our corporate secretary no earlier than the close of business on February 19, 2027 and no later than the close of business on March 21, 2027. Any notice of proposed business or nomination also must comply with the notice and other requirements set forth in the Bylaws (which includes, for nominations, information required under Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act and, for proposals of other business, Section 21.373 of the Texas Business Organizations Code) and with any applicable law.
For purposes of the above deadlines, the “close of business” shall mean 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time on any calendar day, whether or not the day is a business day.
Item 6. Exhibits
| Exhibit No. | Description of Exhibit | |||||||
| 2.1 | ||||||||
| 31.1 | ||||||||
| 31.2 | ||||||||
| 32.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. | |||||||
| 32.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. | |||||||
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document | |||||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |||||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) | |||||||
__________________
* Furnished herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Space Exploration Technologies Corp. | |||||||||||
Date: October 22, 2026 | By: | /s/ Bret Johnsen | |||||||||
| Name: | Bret Johnsen | ||||||||||
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer and Duly Authorized Officer | ||||||||||
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